Challenges:
There are some issues of flipped classroom have been widely discussed.
1-Self-directed learning where students are able to learn independently and at his/ her own pace, rewinding instructional videos as often as is necessary to understand the content delivered. This is particularly important for students learning novel and abstract concepts and for the weaker students who are unable to keep up with the in-class explanation pace of the educator which is usually catered to the middle ability group of students. Regular formative assessment such as online quizzes with automatic feedback will be necessary for the students and educator to monitor the learning progress,
2-Students have the opportunity to use their new knowledge in the classroom where misconceptions could be corrected immediately from feedback provided by the educator, tutor and/or peers, thus helping the students to reorganise their thinking at critical times and grow in their understanding of the topic.3- In-class activities are focused on higher order cognition for deeper learning.4-  Self-paced learning progress where students who have been absent are able to catch up with the online materials uploaded by the educator on the institutional’s learning management system. 5- The educator is able to differentiate the curriculum to cater for the different abilities by preparing a sequence of multimedia resources that includes extension work for the high ability students.6-  There is more contact time for the educator with the students, answering individual questions and providing frequent feedback. The educator or tutor is able to develop a better relationship with the students as well as a better understanding of the difficulties individual students face.7-  Students are able to maximize class time on collaborative work with peers and develop better peer relationship through teamwork and problem solving tasks.8-  There is more time and opportunity for hands-on activities and in science/engineering courses, laboratory work where scientific equipment are only available in the classroom.9- The method promotes reflective thinking inside and outside the classroom, providing continuity in learning across formal–informal learning spaces.10- Students are motivated to learn through technology and are actively involved in the learning process. However, awarding small amounts of marks could provide sufficient incentive for students to prepare for class.11-  For the younger students, parents are able to better understand what their children are learning through the vodcasts and be involved.12- Educators teaching the same topic and year level can share the task of creating the videos with other educators and share them for their classes, hence reducing the individual workload.  13- The videos and other resources created could be used for a substantial number of years and revisions or updates could be easily made without having to start again from planning and/or script writing.

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