Valence is referred to the number of electrons needed by an element to complete the outermost shell of an atom or molecule. Not all the elements or atoms have a complete number of electrons in their outermost shells. Therefore, to get stability, they need to fulfill the number of electrons in their outermost shell. Therefore, the number of electrons, these molecules need to complete their outer shells, are referred as valence.

A Nitrogen is usually found with 3 or 5 valence electrons, as it belongs to the top of group 15 in the periodic table. The Nitrogen is seem to be bond in the 2p or the 2s orbitals. Therefore, two molecules of atom come and join together, through the covalent bonds and share 3 or 5 electrons in their outer orbitals, and thus create the molecule Nitrogen (N2). Nitrogen (N2) is a stable, colorless and odorless gas, which is not reactive at any standard temperature or pressure. Therefore, the electron configuration of Nitrogen is 1s2, 2s2, 2p3, and the valence of the electrons are 2 and 5.

Nitrogen consists 78% of the total atmosphere and appears only in .002% at the crust of the earth by mass. There is an abundance of Nitrogen in the atmosphere and since it is a non- metal element therefore, it can be found in food, explosives, poisons and fertilizers