Audencia, Audencias

 It is a system of the legal appeals in the courts which has been set up by the Spanish in the New World for helping people govern the Americans.  The first one was organized in the Hispaniola early in the year 1511. However, the permanent one was the in the Mexico City in the year 1527.  The audencias were the staffed people by the judges who dispensed all the royal justice far from the Madrid court. So long the population increased of the Americans, the number of audencias has also been increased.  There have been many boundaries in the modern day among the Latin American nations. It corresponded with the audencias boundaries since the 17^th and the 18^th centuries.

Conquistadpr, Conquistadors, Conquistadores

Since the beginning of the Spanish Conquistar, this name had been given to the armies which conquered Spain of Latin America. They were beyond being a part of any of the professional armies which had the military experiences along with the trainings too.  The numbers were smaller, using fear, the advanced military technology and intimidation for defeating the enemies.  Most of them became extremely wealthy and at the same time their descendants became the ruling class in the South America.

Encomienda, Encomiendas, Encomenderos, Encomendero

Encomienda system was a type in which the land ownership set up after the year 1492 for dividing the lands and the peoples in the New World.  These were the exploitable and the workable pieces which were run by the Spanish settlers.  The encomenderos had been provided with the right and the ability to demand the work out of the natives under the control as an exchange for a promise to the Spanish throne. The aim was to teach Christianity to the Native Americans and the surprise of everyone was also abused. The native Americans worked like the slaves and consequently the Christian teachings were dropped due to being interfered with the benefits of Native American forced works.  This practice was a form of slavery and officially became outlawed in the year 1550. This exploitation of the Native Americans never became disappeared.

 The Imperial system

 The maintenance of the far-flung overseas empire needs the colonizing nations to develop a complex imperial system that organize and regulate the colonial affairs. At a time, when the communication in the midst of Old and the New World could take many of the months,  The American imperial system intended to become more decentralized in its practice rather than the theory of monarchy. The Europeans became more leaders who could only indirect its control over certain events on the American ground.

Mestizo, Mestizos

 It was the mixed- race offspring of the Spaniards along with the Native Americans with a Spanish father along with the Native American mother. This is an intermingling of the Native Americans and the Europeans too which quickly created a specific society that was numerically dominated the racially-diverse people. The Spanish authorities also developed a hierarchical system which is known as casta.  It graded the whole population as per the amout of the Native American blood they had possessed and at the same time contained more than 120 grades.  The Native American blood was of a lower casta having more European blood that was on the higher social list.

 The New World

 It was a European term for the Western Hemisphere that seemed to be a new brand following the discovery of Columbus as a contrast to the Old World of Europe, Asia and Africa. All of these had been known to the Europeans for many centuries. Nothing about the New World was unknown to the Native Americans who lived in there for many centuries.

Periphery

 It is an area that is located far from the royal system. The northern periphery of Spain included the lands which would become the Southwest of the United States.  The Latin America or Spain has left its own mark on those areas but the peripheral territories were not completely integrated into the norms and traditions of New Spain’s heart.  The culture of Mexico reflects a stronger Spanish influence than the New Mexico.

Peninsulres and Crilollos

 At the top of the casta system, the peninsulares and the criollos, were the groups which claimed themselves to be purely European having no intermingling of the tainted Native American blood. The peninsulares were those which were born in the Iberian peninsula. The name has been derived from here.  The criollos belong to the Europen descended parents in the entirely New World.  Two groups became dominated the American society in all its way but the Spanish American empire has been characterized by the repeated struggle for power between two of the groups. It culminated in the war of the independence as early in the 1800s when the criollos kicked out peninsulares and won over the contest.

Power Elites

The Spanish authorities also developed a hierarchical system which is known as casta.  It graded the whole population as per the amout of the Native American blood they had possessed and at the same time contained more than 120 grades.  The Native American blood was of a lower casta having more European blood that was on the higher social list. The numbers were smaller, using fear, the advanced military technology and intimidation for defeating the enemies.  Most of them became extremely wealthy and at the same time their descendants became the ruling class in the South America.

Pre-Columbian Civilization

The aim was to teach Christianity to the Native Americans and the surprise of everyone was also abused. The native Americans worked like the slaves and consequently the Christian teachings were dropped due to being interfered with the benefits of Native American forced works. This is an intermingling of the Native Americans and the Europeans too which quickly created a specific society that was numerically dominated the racially-diverse people. At the top of the casta system, the peninsulares and the criollos, were the groups which claimed themselves to be purely European having no intermingling of the tainted Native American blood