Ethics are Important

Student Name Student No. 7101 ICT Tri mester n, 20 2n Professional Issues Assignment 1 Due Date: time, dd/mm/yy Lecturer : David Tuffley Campus (NA, LG, GC): Professional Issues Assignment Introduction (Student Name, Course, Semester, Year)0 Page 1 Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Analysis 4 2.1.1. Scenario 1.1 ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1.2. Scenario 1.2 ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2. Legal factors ................................ ................................ ............. 4 2.2.1. Scenario 1.1 ................................ ................................ ........ 4 2.2.2. Scenario 1.2 ................................ ................................ ........ 4 2.2.3. Scenario 1.3 ................................ ................................ ........ 5 2.3. Professional factors ................................ ................................ .. 6 2.3.1. Scenario 1.1 ................................ ................................ ........ 6 2.3.2. Scenario 1.2 ................................ ................................ ........ 6 2.3.3. Scenario 1.3 ................................ ................................ ........ 7 2.4. Employment and Social factors ................................ ................. 7 2.4.1. Scenario 1.1 ................................ ................................ ........ 7 2.4.2. Scenario 1.2 ................................ ................................ ........ 8 2.4.3. Scenario 1.3 ................................ ................................ ........ 8 2.5. Personal factors ................................ ................................ ........ 8 2.5.1. Scenario 1.1 ................................ ................................ ........ 8 2.5.2. Scenario 1.2 ................................ ................................ ........ 8 2.5.3. Scenario 1.3 ................................ ................................ ........ 9 2.6. Intrinsic factors ................................ ................................ .......... 9 2.6.1. Scenario 1.1 ................................ ................................ ........ 9 2.6.2. Scenario 1.2 ................................ ................................ ........ 9 2.6.3. Scenario 1.3 ................................ ................................ ........ 9 Prioritisation ................................ ................................ ...................... 11 2.6.4. Scenario 1.1 ................................ ................................ ...... 11 2.6.1. Scenario 1.2 ................................ ................................ ...... 12 2.6.1. Scenario 1.3 ................................ ................................ ...... 12 2.7. Decision ................................ ................................ .................. 13 2.7.1. Scenario 1.1 ................................ ................................ ...... 13 2.7.2. Scenario 1.2 ................................ ................................ ...... 14 2.7.3. Scenario 1.3 ................................ ................................ ...... 14 3. Discussion 15 3.1.1. Scenario 1.1 ................................ ................................ ...... 15 3.1.2. Scenario 1.2 ................................ ................................ ...... 16 3.1.3. Scenario 1.3 ................................ ................................ ...... 17 4. Conclusion 17 4.1.1. Scenario 1.1 ................................ ................................ ...... 17 4.1.2. Scenario 1.2 ................................ ................................ ...... 18 4.1.3. Scenario 1.3 ................................ ................................ ...... 18 Professional Issues Assignment Introduction (Student Name, Course, Semester, Year)0 Page 2 5. References 18 Professional Issues Assignment Introduction (Student Name, Course, Semester, Year)0 Page 3 1. Introduction Ethics are important to maintain for self -benefit and also the benefits of surrounding people. In this report, we will critically review three case studies on Kelvin , Venessa, and James. The review would be done on the basis of EDM proposed by David Tuffle y(2016). The first case discusses about Kelvin, a recent IT graduate from Griffith University in search of his first full time job. The case gives us information about the company he is about to join as his first job. It is a pickup truck service company with the name Ajax tracking co. And they are hiring any full -stack developer. The situation worsens for him when he gets into the part of the system he is said to avoid. The second case gives us information about Venessa who started a business consulting c ompany by herself. She gets approached by a pretty big company that wants her to build a customized database management system that would store sensitive data. The problem arises when the heads of the company opt for a cheaper and less secure database mana gement system that can be harmful to the company, leading to security breaches. This occurs from the heads of the company misunderstanding her. For the final case study, we get to discuss about James who is hired to modify the website for company B for its new product in the market. And soon he realizes that he was using the same Graphic user interface he used for his rival company, company A. We get to critically discuss all the ethical issues that can arise from this situation and how to handle them in th is report. Professional Issues Assignment Analysis (Student Name, Course, Semester, Year)0 Page 4 2. Analysis 2.1. Legal factors 2.1.1. Scenario 1.1 Factor 1 - Breach of Privacy - Kelvin was unauthorized and denied visiting the part of database where he anyhow got into. (Yuvaraj, 2018) This is considered illegal under Privacy Act 1998, Australian Privacy Policy(APP). Factor 2 Hiding criminal activities - Criminal activities are always needed to be reported. (Heller, & Dubber,2020) If the criminal activities were not reported to legal authorit ies it could be considered as a crime under section 316( 1) of the Crimes Act 1900. Factor 3 Involving in the organization performing illegal activities - The involvement of Kelvin in the organization performing illegal activities like delivery of drugs and tax fraud can bring problems for him. 2.1.2. Scenario 1.2 Factor 1 – Data Vul neba rity – The data which would be stored in the management system made by Venessa can vu lnerable to hackers because the company HR and owner opted in for the low cost , low -secur ity system. This will lead to the breach of the privacy a ct 1988. (Daly, 2018). The Australian privacy policy states that an app must be responsible for protecting the data of the user from its misuse when entrusted with it. (OAIC 2014). Factor 2 - Professional Issues Assignment Analysis (Student Name, Course, Semester, Year)0 Page 5 Lack of strong security measures – The company would need to imp lement strong security measures and being not serious about the security can lead to loss of personal data entrusted by the clients. Which can lead to legal cases taken in by the clients. Factor 3 - Misleading Marketing – When a client entrust s its data to the company they should be ensured with the guara ntee that their data would be secure. (Hunt, K. 2015). Misleading the client about having a strong database while having a weak one can lead to the breach of Australian Consumer Law section 18. 2.1.3. Scenario 1.3 Factor 1 Professional Issues Assignment Analysis (Student Name, Course, Semester, Year)0 Page 6 The l eak of confidential Information – The information about Company B can be leaked by Jack to company A which can lead to him getting accused of breaking (Da Veiga, 2018) Australian Privacy Law, Obligation of confidence 15.126. Factor 2 Copying Ideas – If James continues with his work with the use of the same graphic user interface in the system it can lead company A suing company B on the ground of using ( Pappalardo, & Messe, 2019). copy righ ted material. 2.2. Professional factors 2.2.1. Scenario 1.1 Factor 4 – Dec eiving the organization - Kelvin didn’t tell the truth about him not knowing much about the skills needed to do the job. This resulted in Kelvin not knowing much about the job when he was asked to go on with the upgrades of th e software. Factor 5 – WhistleBlowing - If Kelvin reported legal authorities he would be leaking information about the company which doesn’t relate to professional ism. 2.2.2. Scenario 1.2 Factor 4 - Preference of cost over security – It should be the company’s duty to provide the customer with its best. And making it the first priority (Bichou, 2015). By the HR and the CEO seems to prefer the low -cost system. Factor 5 - Professional Issues Assignment Analysis (Student Name, Course, Semester, Year)0 Page 7 Misunderstanding – Venessa is being misunderstood by HR of the company that she is misleading them to buy the more profitable option for her . This type of thinking process is unprofessional. 2.2.3. Scenario 1.3 Factor 3 Trust Issues – James will be able to handle very important parts of the system while assessing the requ irement and testing it. If he leak s the confidential information of Company B to Company A it can lead to Company A thinking he can do the same to them, thus canceling the contract leading to major ethical issues. Factor 4 Knowledge of not using the same System – James should have found that he was using the same user interface as the company A lot before the problem ar ose . This could ha ve avoided the problems and his awkward position. 2.3. Employment and Social factors 2.3.1. Scenario 1.1 Factor 6 – Employment without proper checking – It is seeming that the company has a habit of hiring without a proper interview process that led to Kelvin getting the job without proper knowledge about the skills required in the job. If there was a proper Interview the Manager would know his limits and gave work pressure as required. Factor 7 - Malicious activity in the locality – A criminal business would never be unknow n to the locals. It seems likely that the company has other associates helping them complete those. Professional Issues Assignment Analysis (Student Name, Course, Semester, Year)0 Page 8 2.3.2. Scenario 1.2 Factor 6 - Denial of The better option – The HR denying the request of Venessa for the better option can lead to the company’s harm. Although they did this in the company’s fav or the ir decision would end up harming it. Factor 7 - Misunderstan ding V ane ssa – They didn’t trust her but thought that she was misleading them for her profit. 2.3.3. Scenario 1.3 Factor 5 - Pre Planning – Prepla nning would help him avoid the current situation. Factor 6 - Engaging with Rival companies with care – The fact company A and B are rivals increase s the chances of both taking actions against one another. This could have been avoided by using a different Graphic User interface from the first. 2.4. Personal factors 2.4.1. Scenario 1.1 Factor 8 - Dishonesty - Kelvin should have told the t ruth and went for the job. This would ha ve led him to get less pressurized and he should have given the information about the criminal activities that are happening in the company premises. 2.4.2. Scenario 1.2 Factor 8 - Professional Issues Assignment Analysis (Student Name, Course, Semester, Year)0 Page 9 Not trusting the expert – One should trust an expert who is reputed for being profession al and helpful , that the company didn’t . A professional person would never mislead anyone. 2.4.3. Scenario 1.3 Factor 7 - Carelessness - James should have been careful about the task to avoid the problem before the problem could have ar isen . 2.5. Intrinsic factors 2.5.1. Scenario 1.1 Factor 9 - Kelvin should have told the truth – Kelvin seem s to be very determined and studious for completing his IT degree. Factor 10 Need for Job – He seems t oo needy for a job and also determine d to earn money or use his knowledge. Factor 11 Curious and committed to his work – He got into files that he was not advise d to do to check whether it would affect the upgrades. 2.5.2. Scenario 1.2 Factor 9 Strong -Willed and determined – Venessa brought up a bus iness from nothing which takes determination. Factor 10 Professional – She tried to convince her client to take the better option, which a casual business person doesn’t do. 2.5.3. Scenario 1.3 Factor 8 Careless – James should have been more professional before starting to work on the improvements. Factor 9 Professional Issues Assignment Analysis (Student Name, Course, Semester, Year)0 Page 10 Professional to an extent – He was late but not too late to find out that he used the same interface as the previous company. Professional Issues Assignment Analysis (Student Name, Course, Semester, Year)0 Page 11 Prioritisation 2.5.4. Scenario 1.1 Factor Related Issue 1 Involving in the organization performing illegal activities Involvement of Ke lvin in the organization which has relation with black market 2 Breach of Privacy Kelvin visiting unauthorized part of the system 3 Hiding criminal activities If Kelvin keeps the truth about the company to himself 4 Deceiving the organization Kelvin not being honest abouth his skills 5 WhistleBlowing If he tells the authorities about company’s ill practices 6 Employment without proper checking No proper interview which tested Kelvin’s skills T Malicious activity in the locality Deal with black market 8 Kelvin should have told the truth He was dishonest about his skills 9 Need for Job Kelvin joining the first job without hesitation 10 Curious and committed to his work Visit of unauthorized part of the system Table 1: Priority List Scenario 1 Professional Issues Assignment Analysis (Student Name, Course, Semester, Year)0 Page 12 2.5.1. Scenario 1.2 Factor Related Issue 1 Data Vulnerablity Opting for low cost, low security system 2 Lack of strong security measures If the company gets a low -security system 3 Misleading Marketing The business would be marketed as secure even afte r using low security measures 4 Preference of cost over security The company heads decided ,not based on facts b ut based on money 5 Misunderstanding Company heads didn’t understand Venessa was trying to help 6 Denial of The better option aption They denied the better option as told by her T Misunderstanding Vanessa 8 Not trusting the expert Vanessa being professional and experienced they should trusted herK 9 Strong JWilled and determined She brought up the company from nothing whi ch takes a lot of determination. 10 Professional She was professional enoughK Table 2: Priority List Scenario 2 2.5.1. Scenario 1. 3 Factor Related Issue 1 The leak of confidential Information If he tell company B about the situation he is in Professional Issues Assignment Analysis (Student Name, Course, Semester, Year)0 Page 13 2 Copying Ideas If he continues using the same graphic user interface 3 Trust Issues If company B gets the confidential information of company A 4 Knowledge of not using the same System James didn’t have the idea that he was working with similar tools 5 Pre Planning Mistakes would have not occurred if he planned it before 6 Engaging with Rival companies with care Company A and B are rivals 7 Careless James could have been more careful before starting the work 8 Professional to an extent He found out his mistake Table 3: Priority List Scenario 3 2.6. Decision 2.6.1. Scenario 1.1 Kelvin can either tell the local authorities about the malpractices that are being which would be a legal thing to do. This may lead to him getting into trouble with the people who are related to ill practices in the company. This decision would be favorable for him because it would save him from much bigger legal charges than a privacy breach. Although he might get into trouble he would have legal authorities backing his safety. Professional Issues Assignment Analysis (Student Name, Course, Semester, Year)0 Page 14 2.6.2. Scenario 1.2 Venessa needs to accept the offer with a signed agreement petition that she would not be held guilty if any data breach happens from the database she made for the company. It will help her get out of the situation without taking any future legal charges. 2.6.3. Scenario 1.3 James should start anew with his job while using any other Graphic User Interface. This will help him to avoid any copyright or confidential data leak charges. Although it will take away much time from him, it will make him careful to not repeat the same mistakes again. Professional Issues Assignment Discussion (Student Name, Course, Semester, Year)0 Page 15 3. Discussion 3.1.1. Scenario 1.1 Kelvin is a guy who just completed his IT degree and he needs a job either to test his skills or to earn money due to any urgent reason. This led him to get into Ajax Tracking co. without any prior research about the company. He needed to search for the history of this company and try finding information about what kind of goods they transfer. He also needed to be more honest about his skills. This would have reduced the pressure he had to face from his boss, and also could have been given an idea about what he n eeded to do, from any of the senior employees. The biggest mistake he did was his act of getting into the part of the system he was not advised to. Curiosity and his inexperience led him to take this decision. Although it was mentioned that he went into th e restricted part of the system to check if it was interfering with the upgrades, he could have done it without facing any problem by asking his boss and discussing his concern. Tax evasion is considered to be a huge crime and can cause jail time, or a hug e fine which would lead to bankruptcy of the company. And hiding the fact that Ajak Tracking has relation with the black market can cause Kelvin jail time too. Legal factors are the most important ethics one should maintain in professionalism so they have the highest priority in the list. Kelvin should tell the authorities because he would be getting into fewer legal charges than the number of charges he would get by not alerting and he would get security from the legal authorities in case of any attacks o r violence involving people from the black market. Professional Issues Assignment Discussion (Student Name, Course, Semester, Year)0 Page 16 3.1.2. Scenario 1.2 Venessa is said to be an entrepreneur who has build consulting business from scratch, which says us about her determination for her job and the experience she has gathered. The database manag ement system she will be developing for the company would be one of its founding pillars, that will hold the company. She knows that if it is weak it may cause legal as well as monetary problems leading to its downfall. So, with her professionalism, she ad vises the HR, Owner, and the CEO to go for a better and stronger option. If they would have agreed with this decision many legal issues could be avoided in the future. Legal issues such as data breach, complaints, and leak of confidential information. The information that the DBMS would store would be highly sensitive. The heads of the company decide to go for the less secure system, with low manufacture cost. She tries to convince them again and again, explaining to them the reasons and the future problems they could face. This act shows her determination again. But the heads of the company decide to opt for the less secure one misunderstanding to manipulate them for her profit. Privacy concerns and a low level of professionalism by the company heads are ke pt at the top of the list because the first one could have been avoided if the second was avoided too. Privacy leaks can lead to criminal charges that may involve jail time and it would be the most matter of concern in the whole situation. Venessa should m ake them sign a petition that would protect her from any legal charges if any issue arises. This may help them understand their mistakes for opting for the cheap and less secure one. It would also help Venessa to protect herself if any issue arises against the company for its own fault. Professional Issues Assignment Conclusion (Student Name, Course, Semester, Year)0 Page 17 3.1.3. Scenario 1.3 James being an HCI consultant with experience in developing and designing a web user interface should have thought out thoroughly before accepting the offer of Company A to design for one of its new accounting products. With the developer's access to its website, many crucial components of the company are in the hands of James. So, the need of integrity is needed for this job. The main problem arises when the Graphic user interface system he is using for company A becomes the same as their rival company, company B , for which he had worked before. Another important point rises in this situation when we get to know that Company B has strict policy and agreement with James about no whistleblowing information about their company. All of these issues could have been avoided if he was careful from the start. Now if he asks for an opinion about the situation from an employee in company B it would lead to legal actions being taken against him by company A. Also, if he continued with the project it could have led to the company facing copyright challenges. All of these problems could have been avoided with proper planning of his tasks before he started. And also he could have stayed loyal to both of the companies without this kind of problem arising if he had been more careful. The best decision in this situation would be to keep the problem to oneself and working from the first with carefully without repeating the same mistakes. 4. Conclusion 4.1.1. Scenario 1.1 We can conclude that Kelvin needs to be more careful before getting other jobs and should ask his head before doing anything that has been restricted. Also we get the idea that one should never brach into unauthorized parts of the system , because it can bring many types of issues, most of them being legal once. And if the information gathered about the company doing illegal activity it should be reported. Professional Issues Assignment References (Student Name, Course, Semester, Year)0 Page 18 4.1.2. Scenario 1.2 Venessa needs to make her policy stronger so that people won't misunderstand her professionalism and hone sty. Situation can worsen a t anytime and one needs to improvise on it. And the best thing that could be done is to stay away from situation that can bring us into legal problems. 4.1.3. Scenario 1.3 James needs to be more careful about what he is doing so that h e doesn’t have to redo the work. Carelessness can lead to many prolems that may not seem big at the present but can hamper the career if not been careful enough. If he didn’t notice that he was using the same tools it may have ended badly from both sides o f the companies. So, working with care has its own benefits, if we can. 5. References Da Veiga, A. (2018). An information privacy culture instrument to measure consumer privacy expectations and confidence. Information & Computer Security . Daly, A. (2018). The introduction of data breach notification legislation in Australia: A comparative view. Computer Law & Security Review , 34 (3), 477 -495. Heller, K. J., & Dubber, M. (Eds.). (2020). The handbook of comparative criminal law . Stanford University Press. Hunt, K . M. (2015). Gaming the system: Fake online reviews v. consumer law. Computer law & security review , 31 (1), 3 -25. Pappalardo, K., & Messe, J. (2019). In support of tolerated use: Rethinking harms, moral rights and remedies in Australian copyright law. UNSW LJ , 42 , 928. Yuvaraj, J. (2018). How about me? The scope of personal information under the Australian Privacy Act 1988. Computer law & security review , 34 (1), 47 -66.