Overview Of The Elected Period And Event Experience

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN STUDENT DETAILS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 1 For this essay, the selected developmental period is “childhood ”.This period occurs when achild is in an age group of 5to 12 years. In this stage, achild experiences active various active changes at the psychological and physical level (Integrisok.com, 2015). Although, this period furthermore divided into three stages such as: early childhood, middle childhood and adolescence. In this essay, there will be discussion about the elected developmental period, key aspects of associated theories, analyses will be conducted on the basis of the associated theories, etc. Selected theories related to the childhood stage of development are as follows: Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory and Social Learning Theory. Overview of the elected period and event experience Childhood stage is the time when achild enters in aschool. At this stage, there are various psychological as well emotional changes take place (Hanfstingl, Benke & Zhang, 2019). It is important to understand that childhood mainly focuses on the following development such as: cognitive development, social and emotional development, gross motor skill development, fine motor skill development and, speech and language development. The kind of experiences that achildren encounter in this stage forms an important part in child ’s psychological development and italso forms lifelong learning. From the psychological perspective, itcan be analysed that this development sage forms school success, self- discipline, conflict negotiation, itforms healthy relationships with family and friends, achild encounter with the ability to make good decisions, etc (Flensborg ‐Madsen & Mortensen, 2018). Thus, itis important that achild should get apositive external environment because it forms achildren ’sthought and behavioural pattern in the effective way. Condition of external environment also plays an important role because milestones accomplished in this stage can HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 2 be delayed when achildren experience negative and stress from external environment. Apart from this, Ihad encounter with many experiences in my childhood. Below part discusses about few of my childhood experiences through which Ihad encounter with 5to 12 years. At the childhood stage Ihad encounter with various key event. I had experience about attachment and emotional relationships. Out of my various childhood experiences, Iwould like to share an experience which taught me about attachment and sentiments. When Iwas 10 years old then Istarted experiencing that the friendship is also important in alife. At that time, we (me and 2friends) discuss about various things such as: where we should go for acycling after school hours, what we should eat today in the cafeteria, what game we should play today, etc. Ithink that at the age of 10, Istarted learning about attachment and friendship with each other. Since than my three childhood school friends (we are still in connect with each other) help me to take accurate decisions, they encourage me for agood work, etc. When Iwas 11 then sometimes my friends had visit to my house for lunch. Istill remember that at time my grandparents told me that friends are the major influencers and who you should your friends wisely. M ygrandparents also told me attachment in friendship is an extremely important emotion. Since than Ivalue friendship alot. Apart from this, Ihad encounter with another experience also at my childhood age. When Iturn 9years old then my parents started giving me few bucks so that sometime Ican eat my favourite food from the school cafeteria. However, Istill remember that triple layer cheese burger was my favourite but Ionly got few bucks from my parents. So, Iused to collect money and save itfor alonger time to afford my favourite food. Ithink that incorporating such experience has helped me to form afinancial discipline in my life in the effective way. In my childhood Ihad encounter with various positive as well as negative HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 3 experiences. However, Ifeel glad for experiencing both positive and negative experiences. I believe that learning self-discipline in the adolescence period is important because self- discipline teaches akid about delay gratification, unhealthy temptations, turning off video games to work on their studies, etc. Moreover, attachment and sentiment aspect are also important in the childhood stage. An individual child encounter with various attachments which are linked with people, places or things. Forming these attachments incorporate a substantial effect on overall development patterns throughout life (Harinie, Sudiro, Rahayu & Fatchan, 2017). Bowlby ’sAttachment Theory and Social Learning Theory Social learning theory focuses on the point that new behaviour and learning processes can be adopted by observing and imitating others. For example: acertain behaviour can be adopted by observational learning. In the childhood stage, parents or mentors should create awareness among their children that external environment has the significant impact on their inner circle. Parents or mentors should tell children that they (children) should observe the behaviour of others (Miao, 2020). After that they should evaluate positive or negative consequences associated with certain behaviour. In this way, children can learn about adopting abehaviour pattern. This theory focuses on the model of observing, modelling, emotional reactions to others, attitude of an individual, imitating the behaviours, etc. In this theory, the major considerable aspect is related with the environmental and cognitive factors influence on learning and adopting acertain behaviour (Sohrabi, Amir Ali Akbari, Ahmadi Doulabi & Nasiri, 2020). HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 4 Piaget ’sCognitive Developmental Theory is concerned with the development of a person ’sthough processes. It also looks at how these thought processes influence and in the definite way to interact with the world. This hypothesis take place in the sequences of children ’sintellectual development such as: sensorimotor stage, pre-operational stage, concrete operational stage and formal operational stage (Cherry, 2020). For this essay, the selected age group is childhood development stage. Analysis of the childhood period from the perspective of Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory and Social learning theory This paragraph will focus on the concrete operational stage of Piaget ’sCognitive Developmental Theory (Totsika, Hastings, Emerson & Hatton, 2020). When achildren accomplish concrete operational stage then he/she begin thinking logically about various concrete events. In this stage, thought pattern of achildren started influencing from others. Although, parents or mentors or teachers should help achild to understand that thought pattern forms or develops on the bases of how we understand and interact with the external factors. Moreover, parents or teacher also helps children to form apositive self-belief. In various cases, itcan be observed that achild forms various negative self-belief in the concrete operational stage of childhood because of different reasons such as: adverse academic performance, due to encountering with social issues, etc (Y ılmaz, Yılmaz & Yılmaz, 2019). Apart from this, from the aspects of the social learning theory, itis important to understand about the reinforcement aspect of this theory. Reinforcement can be positive or negative. If achildren imitate acertain behaviour and its consequence are rewarding then there are majority of chances that he/she will continue performing the behaviour. For example: if a10 years old child is being praised by his/her teachers for helping his/her classmate then there are majority of achances that he/she will continue the behaviour. As, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 5 reinforcement leads to change aperson ’sbehaviour (McLeod, 2016). Moreover, in reality, it can be understand that social media is also playing role of the major influencers for not only children but for adults as well. It is suggested that parents or mentors should keep their children away from using lot of social media because itputs adverse impact on the overall personality of achild. It is concluded that the selected life development stage “childhood stage ”can be further divided into three parts, such as: early childhood, middle childhood and adolescence. Two hypotheses are selected in this essay, such as: Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory and Social learning theory. Social learning theory focuses on the area of adopting certain behaviour and social learnings by observing and imitating others in the effective way. This hypothesis stands on the five essential steps such as: observation, retention, reproduction, motivation and attention. Parents or mentors should educate achild that he/she should observe acertain social behaviour then they should only imitate itafter analysing itpositive or negative consequences. Apart from this, Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory is concerned with the development of an individual ’sthought process. There are four stages in this theory, such as: sensorimotor stage, pre-operational stage, concrete operational stage and formal operational stage. Concrete operational stage is the selected stage. At this stage, a child being thinking logically and itis necessary that parents or teachers should provide a positive environment to achild so that they can form learn to form positive self-belief. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 6 References Bormanaki, H. B., & Khoshhal, Y. (2017). The Role of Equilibration in Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development and Its Implication for Receptive Skills: A Theoretical Study. Journal of Language Teaching & Research ,8(5). Cherry, K. (2020). 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