ACCT3000 Auditing Assurance And Risk Assessment

To: Audit Manager

From: Audit Senior

Date: 21^st October 2018

Subject: Audit Planning and analysis for Steel Limited, Australia

Background 

A case study has been given on one of the Australian companies Steel Limited that is producing and exporting steel to India. The report is to be prepared by the audit senior for the audit manager highlighting the risks in the given case where the downturn in the Indian economy is affecting the forward orders of Australia in terms of exchange loss since rupee is depreciating against the rising US dollar (Bailey, Collins and Abbott 2017). Furthermore Australia is having a tight custom control and checking in order to avoid the steel smuggling and also the company has had some changes in the IT system w.r.t. accounts payables which is causing some issues, all of which has been addressed in the report below. The company is also facing payment issues with the debtors from India because of high levels of additives in the iron ore, which is affecting the quality of the metal and structures.

Discussion and Analysis:

1. The three account balances, which have high risk of audit, are shown below along with the factors increasing the risk and the key audit assertions about the same.
   
   
2. Creditors: Due to the introduction of the new IT system in Steel Limited which automatically updates the general ledger when the creditor entry is being made has caused the major reconciliation issues with the creditors as the month end balances of the creditors are not rolled up correctly in the next month’s beginning and also the wrong entries in $US and $ AUD has led to inaccurate ledger balances(Appelbaum, Kogan and Vasarhelyi 2018). The issue here is that all the creditors’ balances is being reset to zero at the first day of every month. All these risks are posing chances of material misstatement in the form of wrong creditor ledger balance and might result in liabilities being shown high or low in the balance sheet. The key assertion here is the accurateness of the account balances and completeness in recording of the history of creditors by the accounting staff of the entity. As per the risk model, the component, which is going to be affected, is the control risk maintained by the entity.
   
   
3. Debtors and bad debt: Since one of the debtors from India, Construction Limited is contemplating that the latest batch of steel which has been exported by Australia to India is having high levels of additives such as boron which is having an impact on the strength of the metal and is likely to cause cracks during welding, they are refusing to pay off the whole amount to Steel Limited and thus threatening to deduct 20% of the overall dues(Axelsen, Green and Ridley 2017). The key assertion as risk here is existence of the debtors that has been recorded in the books by the company and also if the company should provide for bad debt in the books based on the valuation and allocation assumption in case the claims proves to be true. The component of risk model, which is being affected here, is the detection risk by the management of Steel Limited who should have checked on the quality of material.
   
   
4. Sales and impact on foreign exchange: Since there is an uncertainty on the collection of the sales made to the Indian customer, this poses an audit risk as to whether the same should be recorded as sales in the books of accounts as there is a quality issue(Choy 2018). Furthermore, the customers are being invoiced in $ US and the payment is being received post one month from the date of delivery of shipment. The shipment too takes a huge time of 6 weeks, all this is having a huge impact on the receivables balances and the foreign exchange gain or loss to be realised in the Profit and loss account. Thus, the key assertion here at risk is whether the company has; right to record the sales in its books when there is no certainty of collection. Furthermore, the other key assertion here is valuation of the forex loss or gain and the cut off to be considered in this regard. The inherent risk component of the risk model gets affected here as it cannot be controlled or forecasted in advance (Kuhn and Morris 2016).

Conclusion:

1. The specific audit procedures to be undertaken in this regard are mentioned below:
   
   
2. Creditors: The historical balances should be reconciled with the individual accounts and also the balance confirmation from the creditors should be asked for. The auditor should also check on the opening balances, which were carried down at the start of the financial year. Furthermore, the IT system and the automation should be validated for its efficiency and the correctness(Bumgarner and Vasarhelyi 2018).
   
   
3. Debtors and bad debt: The auditors should be vouching the invoices of customers and should see if the debtors have been correctly and completely recorded in the books and that if, the bad debt is required to be provisioned for based on the circumstances of the case. The auditor should also be performing the analytical procedures to check the trend of the bad debts(Knechel and Salterio 2016).
   
   
4. Sales and foreign exchange: The auditor should be checking on the revenue recognition criteria which the company has been using while recognising the sales in the books and what is the treatment of the foreign exchange loss/gain in the books, how the company has been estimating the same and whether or not the company has hedged its receivables or this may result into one of the biggest risks to the financials(Lessambo 2018).

References

Appelbaum, D.A., A. Kogan, and M.A. Vasarhelyi. 2018. “Analytical procedures in external auditing: A comprehensive literature survey and framework for external audit analytics. .” Journal of Accounting Literature 40 (1): 83-101.

Axelsen, M., P. Green, and G. Ridley. 2017. “Explaining the information systems auditor role in the public sector financial audit.” International Journal of Accounting Information Systems 24 (1): 15-31.

Bailey, C., D.L. Collins, and L.J. Abbott. 2017. “The Impact of Enterprise Risk Management on the Audit Process: Evidence from Audit Fees and Audit Delay.” Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 37 (3): 25-46.

Bumgarner, N., and M.A. Vasarhelyi. 2018. “Continuous auditing—a new view.” Continuous Auditing: Theory and Application 20 (1): 7-51.

Choy, Y. K. 2018. “Cost-benefit Analysis, Values, Wellbeing and Ethics: An Indigenous Worldview Analysis.” Ecological Economics 145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.08.005.

Knechel, W.B, and S.E Salterio. 2016. Auditing:Assurance and Risk. fourth. New York: Routledge.

Kuhn, J.R, and B Morris. 2016. “IT internal control weaknesses and the market value of firms.” Journal of Enterprise Information Management 30 (6).

Lessambo, F.I. 2018. “Audit Risks: Identification and Procedures.” Auditing, Assurance Services, and Forensics 3 (1): 183-202.