Discuss about the Applying Ethical Theory for Deontology and Virtue.
Introduction
By giving focus on this case study it is evaluated that there is an incident which is related to killing. The murder took place because Roy Abanales Tabalbag seen his girlfriend having sex with Amin Sthapit when he is not there. For evaluating the overall situation the four theories will be discussed like Utilitarianism, Deontology, Virtue, and Contract theories. If the focus is given to these theories it is seen that it is related to judging the motivation factor. These theories help to implement proper work programs so that it can be easy to maintain the collaborative behaviour and also the base of judgment in a specified approach.
Utilitarianism Theory
This theory states that the action which enhances the overall utility is best. By giving focus on the word utility it is seen that it is related to the well-being of the sentient entities. This theory was created by "Jermy Bentham" and in this; he elaborated utility as a mixture of feeling which comes out according to the actions. Utilitarianism is related to ego but it is one of the forms of consequentialism. It also elaborates the interest of equality. It is also seen that theory is related with the consequentialism in which it is related to the results that are concerned with the actions and find out the right and wrong standards (Mill, 2016).
By giving emphasis on the case study it is seen that the actions are considered for their utilities. In this case the girlfriend, Geecy Rebucas was found with his lover and it has made the accused disappointed. It can be evaluated that if the people who are in a relationship find that they are doing unethical actions, then it can give negative impact on the relationship and make the other person disappointed. Also, it can be seen that when a person is disappointed and take instant action then the negative impact can be seen on one another.
To kill a person is considered as a crime or an unethical act but when a person kills someone to safeguard themselves then it is considered as an act of feeling the pleasure. In this case, it is seen that Roy Abanales Tabalbag was feeling guilty of manslaughter not as a murder but his defense states that at the time of killing tabalbag he was not able to control the anger and the action was the result of the disappointment. It is seen that Tabalbag used the motivation of the utilitarianism theory which is not unethical. This theory has given assistance to the work program and shows the positive work program so that betterment can be enhanced in the society (Drake, 2016).
Deontology Theory
This theory is helpful at the time of judging the morality on any action. It is based on the rules and regulations which are set for a specific action. When the action is judged it is seen that a set of duty related to ethics should be considered as there are many rules which bind us to the specified duty (Vaughn, 2015). It is seen that moral obligations can take place from any sources like external or internal like some specified rules for the universe and also values related to an individual (Yazdani & Murad, 2015).
This case study tells that the lover of the girlfriend is killed by the accused, which is unethical and considered as a crime under the law. When a person commits a crime then it is seen that he or she is eligible for punishment. To murder, someone is considered as an unethical issue by taking into consideration the Deontology Theory. It is seen that defense of Tabalbag has told that the murder by his client took place just because of losing self-control because when the situation at that time was very disappointing but it is evaluated that this practice is not considered as permissible according to the deontology theory (Letwin et al., 2016).
Virtue Theory
This theory gives emphasis on the virtue of mind which makes the person different from other.It can be evaluated that Virtue is related to the power of thinking. Also, this theory is related to the trait of characters and also it is the outcome of the habits. This theory focuses on the expression of the people in the incident which took place (Winkler & Duminy, 2016).
According to the case study, it is evaluated that accused was behaving in a good way with others. Each and every individual has its own ethics and values which are given so that good results can be achieved in the society (Edel, 2018). This action can be taken into consideration by giving emphasis on the situation at the time of the murder. This case showcases the expression of the accused that he was not happy with the step taken by his girlfriend. He was depressed and also the action conducted by his girlfriend is unethical. The murder was committed just because of the action was taken by his girlfriend. The action which has taken place was unethical but the result of the situation depends on the virtue of an individual. The control was lost and the action was the outcome of own feeling.
Contract theory
It can be evaluated that in a society in which we are living there are various rules and regulations that are important to be considered by the people so that they can live a happy life. If people do not follow the rules and regulations then it can give negative impact and has to face punishment because they are indulged in a wrong action. It is seen that contract theory take into consideration various rules related to society so that peace can be maintained (Treviqo & Tilly, 2015). This theory also tells that people who are living in the society are together by giving emphasis on the various rules. It is important for the people to make collaboration so that activities can be conducted in a right direction and also the business can achieve success (Shestack, 2017).
It can be evaluated that every person should collaborate so that good results can be achieved that can help the company to grow. The rules are equal for everyone and it should be taken into consideration in a proper manner (Habermas, 2018). So, by giving emphasis on this case it is seen that to kill people is not more ethical but if they safeguard themselves then it can be permissible in the society.
Conclusion
Hence, it can be concluded that the actions can be practiced by considering many theories but these theories are not valid in all the case. In many places, there are some specific theories that are considered to judge the action of a person. So, it can be evaluated that to consider all the theories at the same time is not possible like it is seen that motivation factors changes. The actions can be based on the judgments by focusing on the various theories. In this report, there are many theories that will help the researcher to evaluate the best action in the mentioned case.
References
Drake, N., (2016). A Humean Constructivist Reading of JS Mill's Utilitarian Theory. Utilitas, 28(2), pp.189-214.
Edel, A. (2018). Ethical Theory and Social Change. Routledge.
Habermas, J. (2018). Inclusion of the other: Studies in political theory. John Wiley & Sons.
Letwin, C., Wo, D., Folger, R., Rice, D., Taylor, R., Richard, B., & Taylor, S. (2016). The “right” and the “good” in ethical leadership: Implications for supervisors’ performance and promotability evaluations. Journal of Business Ethics, 137(4), 743-755.
Mill, J. S. (2016). Utilitarianism. In Seven Masterpieces of Philosophy (pp. 337-383). Routledge.
Shestack, J. J. (2017). The philosophic foundations of human rights. In Human Rights (pp. 3-36). Routledge.
Treviqo, A.J. & Tilly, C., (2015). George C. Homans: History, theory, and method. Routledge.
Vaughn, L. (2015). Doing ethics: Moral reasoning and contemporary issues. WW Norton & Company.
Winkler, T., & Duminy, J. (2016). Planning to change the world? Questioning the normative ethics of planning theories. Planning Theory, 15(2), 111-129.
Yazdani, N., & Murad, H. S. (2015). Toward an ethical theory of organizing. Journal of Business Ethics, 127(2), 399-417.
