Campaign For Nuclear Disarmament: Advocating For Nuclear Disarmament And Promoting Peace

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Main aims of Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament is an international origination which advocates the United Kingdom’s unilateral nuclear disarmament, international nuclear disarmament and promotes a tighter international arm regulation though various types of agreements for example Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The main aims of this particular campaign is to oppose the use of chemical, biological and chemical weapons and the building of nuclear power plants in the UK (Wittner 2015). It opposes the legality of Trident, supports to keep the world nuclear weapons free and work directly against the actions of depleting Uranium and other nuclear objects used in the nuclear weapons. The organization has acted as the most powerful political leaders of the world such as Tony Blair, Theresa May and a number of American presidents. This particular organization does not support any kind of terrorism and attacks to the less powerful countries by the powerful ones (Trump 2018). Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament opposes counterterrorism and cyber-security, as well as the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons around the world. Since 1958, this organization has been periodically at the forefront of the world peace movement. Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament claims to be the largest single issue peace campaign in Europe.

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament’s current strategic aims are-

• This campaign aims to eliminate of British nuclear weapons initially but gradually it has aimed to the global abolition of the nuclear weapons (Yamaga et al 2015). This organizing campaigns to cancel the Trident by the government of the UK and act directly against the deployment of nuclear weapon in the country.
• Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament aims to abolish any kind of weapons which efforts to mass destruction among which the organization mainly oppose the biological and the chemical weapons. The campaign wants to eliminate this type of threat from its roots. Therefore, it opposes to ban the weapon manufacture as well as the testing of these weapons (Burke 2016). In addition to this, this particular campaign aims to oppose the usage of depleted uranium weapons.
• The campaigns of this organization, aims to create a nuclear free, secured and less militarized Europe. This supports the (OSCE) Organization for Security and Co-Operation in Europe.
• The organization opposes the US military bases as well as nuclear weapons in British and American membership of NATO.
• This particular campaign aims to close the nuclear power industry over all from the developing as well as developed nations (Mousavian and Mousavian 2017).
• In recent years, this organization has extended its actions to oppose the military policies of the USA and Britain in the Middle East and propended the anti-nuclear campaigns in the late 1960s which included the Vietnam war. It collaborated with the Muslim Association of Britainand the Stop the War Coalition  to stop the attack in Iraq.

This particular organization had its national membership in 1967 and have a huge number of supporters also. Despite the fact that There are organizations which oppose the functionality and ideas of CND in eliminating the nuclear power plants and other decisions to prevent the government from functioning freely, could not affect its membership and well as supports. However, in the year 2006 CND had launched a campaign against using nuclear power. The organization’s membership, which had fallen to 32,000 from a peak of 110,000 in 1983, increased threefold as the UK Prime Minister Tony Blair made a commitment to nuclear energy (Cnduk.org 2018). 

For each and every social change movement in the human history, need to have huge support from the stakeholders otherwise this campaign cannot have a successful ending. From the winning of concrete improvements in the lives of the propel to toppling the dictators, empowering the supporters is the chief objective of the campaigns (Becker 2017). As this organization campaigns for nuclear disarmament, it has a huge area of service. There are numerous stakeholders which are affected by the policies and strategies of the organization. These stakeholders are civil society groups, various trade unions, scientists, volunteers and some of the military organizations. who are affected by the functions of the activists, and act according to reach yet transitional goal which is the restore peace and oppose the nuclear weapons (Hill 2015).

Current strategic aims of Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament

The idea behind this particular power map is to discuss the flow of influences of the activities of this campaign and the functions of the associated entities. The arrows represent the direction in which the flow of influence goes (Ceadel 2017). This is the reason why the map has highlighted the power holders and the stakeholders. There are numerous arrows which have intersected one another and sometimes there are two way flows. The two way arrows denote that the power holders and the stakeholders are interestingly influencing each other. The intersecting arrows denote the process of service have and intense engagement among the power holders and the stakeholders hence these repetitions are common in this particular power map. This map is not only a tool for describing the status of the power holders and stakeholders but can be used as the tools for making strategies for effective operation (Feiveson et al. 2014).  Making a power holder map is essential for the organization as it helps to realize the interconnection of the process and clearly identify the places from where the influence origins and exerted. As the organization works to prevent the growth of terrorism, counter terrorism, war among the countries and the use of any type of weapons for mass killing, they usually struggle with the governments of the powerful nations. The campaigns get ample support from the public and the stakeholders and media (Grape et al. 2014). As nuclear wars are the question of public safety, the campaign gives adequate power to the media so that the public gain knowledge about the ways through which their interests can be harmed. There are political social and psychological issues regarding the security of global people and the victim which have already suffered due to the same reason.

Unlike any type of organizational, every social service institution has certain objectives which they observe thorough various types of campaigns. In case of Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, the chief objective is to preserve a secured living environment of the global people without any threat of nuclear war among the powerful states (Bacevich 2016). This is the reason why the organization needs to have a strong strategy so that it can convince the power holders and the stakeholders in the decision making process not to use any biological, chemical and nuclear weapons. The component strategy involves of the organization is to raise the public awareness. In doing this, the campaign involves huge support from the national as well as the international media who since the very beginning had supported this organization each times. It is the medium through which the campaign has gained immense popularity bot nationally as well as globally (Horowitz 2017). The tactics that the organization has utilized are rallies, letters, music, shows and public meetings where the discussion about the harmful effect of nuclear energy can be discussed and opposition against the government can be staged.

Stakeholders of Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament

The method of media releases to oppose the decisions of the governments is one of the most important strategies which the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament has been followed to earn more public support. Through media the organization can successfully convey exactly what they want and reach more people for support. The method of using media in campaigning, gives the organization the scope for manipulate the thinking of the people in one hand and know their views regarding the nuclear conflict in the countries (Horowitz 2017). The proactivity of media helps the organization to attract people in their events who later become members of this organization. This organization creates pressure on the government through the method of lobbying the policies of the government. The letters to the political leaders and ministers so that he supports for their campaign get a political approach and the issues may be solved.

There are conflicts of interests, which create issues between the strategy of the organization and the government policies and as the organization act against the government, the situation becomes more critical. In this case the organization aims to increase popularity and support from the other similar organizations (Kim 2017). This is the reason why they make contact with other groups and often United Nations which also struggle to prevent the nuclear war among the countries in the world. In making the campaign successful and maintain the world peace, the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament have faced many legal issues for which it needs to have media support and the approval from media. The planning process and the tender process create many legal barriers. In addition to this, the process of implementation the campaign perfectly and having perfect impact on the power holders and stake holders, the organization take legal measure to strengthen the campaign.

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament has been started since the year 1957 and from then on, this organization has been advocating for the nuclear power conflicts among the powerful countries and the fear of nuclear tests all over the world. There is a range of supporters with various types of interests which include scientists, religious leaders, academics, journalists, writers, actors and musicians. They have helped the organization to implement its strategy successfully for these six decades. The origin of the organization was purely the result of worldwide fear of the nuclear power conflict among the super powers of the world. In 1950s the UK introduced itself as the third nation having nuclear power in their hands just after the United States of America and the USSR. It had then recently tested the H-bomb. 5his is the reason why the editor of the New Statesman, Kingsley Martin, had chaired one meeting in Amen Court in order to launch the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.

Power holders map of Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament

  The Campaign was first launched at the public meeting at the Central Hall in Westminster, in the year 1958 (Cnduk.org 2018). It was joined by more than five thousand people, though this event was not successful initially. In this implementation of strategy process, Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament had gained huge support from the organizations that had formerly opposed the nuclear weapons used by the British government, supported Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. These supporters include the British Peace Committee, Direct Action Committee, the National Committee for the Abolition of Nuclear Weapons Tests and the Quakers.

In the same year, the organization has spread one of its branch in the neighboring country, the Republic of Ireland. During this time the organizations was campaigning for the government of Ireland for supporting the international efforts to achieve nuclear disarmament and make the country free of nuclear power. This campaign gained an international stage when the World Peace Council supported the actions of this organization. In this strategy to make alliance with more powerful institution which arranged more sophisticated and high–profile international conference, gave the organization more leverage to earn more popularity. In 1958 the organization supported a small pacifist group. This initiated the strategy of annual Easter marches through which the organization wanted to measure the supporter’s activities. In 1959 this march had more than 60,000 joiners and 1961 and 1962 march had 150,000 people. from 1966, the organization started to take formal membership.

This campaign gained major revival in 1980s, as it decided to respond to the resurgence of the Cold War. This was due to the fact that the international tension during this time was fast increasing. Both the poles wanted to deploy missiles and other mass killing weapons which brought the importance of this type of organization back in relevancy. In 1980s, this campaign gained huge success as its membership increased to 300,000. This was because the organization strategized to open new section which included Ex-services CND, Student CND, Green CND, Trade Union CND, Tories Against Cruise and Trident (TACT). One of the most important strategy that the organization implemented was to gain support from the labor unions across the world. For this reason, however, the campaign was opposed by many. This strategy however linked the organization with Marxist touch in it. One significance of the Labor Party's support to this campaign, it became a remarkable organizational feat hence showed more stamina than most of the political lobbies.

2018 marks the 50th anniversary of Campaign Nuclear Disarmament (Cnduk.org 2018). Therefore, there is a huge list of achievements for the functioning of this organization. The public pressure that these campaign generates, have greatly contributed to the achievement of the Partial Test Ban Treaty as well as the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Though different kind of strategies to gain public support for peace, the campaign has successfully motivated the supporters to follow the strategies of the campaign. By the method of lobbying this campaign has manicured the opinion of the ministers so that they do not take any measure to incase rivalry with other countries. The initial years of success have helped the campaign to bring about the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty in 1987 (Cnduk.org 2018). In this case it has successfully created pressure on the government to remove missiles even if for the defensive measure and disarming nuclear weapons. This particular style of campaigning has helped to prevent introduction of Neutron bomb by the super powers of the world. The campaigns have convinced the US campaigners to persuade Nixon not to bomb Vietnam more than once. It was the action of this particular organization which that has prevented many wars to broke out and shaped the growing demands for restoring peace and human security (Lawson 2016). 

Strategies of Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament

One of the most important event in the world history was that this campaign had so many supporters internationally that the even the cold warrior Henry Kissinger voiced to stop war and demanded fresh measure for disarmament. Moreover, the campaign had great effect in encouraging public opinion in the United Kingdom against the governments’ policy to replace Trident. This organization campaigned non-violently of achieving British nuclear disarmament to scope the Trident nuclear weapon system as well as preventing its replacement. This campaign was responsible to grow opposition against NATO (Cnduk.org 2018). This campaign in one hand prevent the issues from emerging which may cause nuclear war in future and monitor the nuclear policies of NATO so that it does not harm the world peace by suddenly attacking the Middle East countries which will definitely create scope for nuclear war in the world. This campaign has not only prevented the nuclear war successfully but also conveyed the super powers not to infringe the global peace by using biological and chemical weapons (Lodgaard 2016). This campaign monitors the participation of Britain in the Missile Defense System of the USA. This is because this missile system can be a major threat for the peace desired people around the world (Ritchie and Egeland 2018). This campaign has also opposed the idea of nuclear power plants in Britain and testing weapons in space.

Conclusions:

Therefore, it can be concluded that the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament has been successfully preventing the issues that may result in war. There are numerous strategies that this campaign has planned to stop nuclear threats among the people of the world has a successful outcome. For the last six decades this campaign has been working to protect the security of the people by opposing the use of nuclear power in manufacturing weapons. The strategies of this campaign include numerous power holders who directly manipulate the government policies so that any type of war do not take place in the world. The terrorist activities and counter terrorism which the countries initiate can affect the world peace. Hence, this campaign has great relevancy in the current situation.

References:

Bacevich, A.J., 2016. New Nukes: TURNING AWAY FROM DISARMAMENT. Commonweal, 143(4), p.8.

Becker, M.A., 2017. The dispute that wasn’t there: judgments in the Nuclear Disarmament cases at the International Court of Justice. CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL, 6(1), pp.4-26.

Burke, P.D.M., 2016. European Nuclear Disarmament: Transnational Peace Campaigning in the 1980s.

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament's history

Burkett, J., 2016. 20. Gender and the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament in the 1960s. Handbook on Gender and War, p.419.

Ceadel, M., 2017. Jonathan Hogg, British Nuclear Culture: Official and Unofficial Narratives in the Long 20th Century. London: Bloomsbury, 2016. 231pp.

Cnduk.org (2018). Introduction. [online] Cnduk.org. Available at: https://www.cnduk.org/get-involved/glastonbury/item/544-introduction [Accessed 11 May 2018].

Feiveson, H.A., Glaser, A., Mian, Z. and Von Hippel, F., 2014. Unmaking the Bomb: A Fissile Material Approach to Nuclear Disarmament and Nonproliferation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Grape, S., Svärd, S.J., Hellesen, C., Jansson, P. and Lindell, M.Å., 2014. New perspectives on nuclear power—Generation IV nuclear energy systems to strengthen nuclear non-proliferation and support nuclear disarmament. Energy Policy, 73, pp.815-819.

Hill, C.R., 2015. Nations of Peace: Nuclear Disarmament and the Making of National Identity in Scotland and Wales. Twentieth Century British History, 27(1), pp.26-50.

Horowitz, I., 2017. The War Game: studies of the new civilian militarists. Routledge.

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Lawson, T., 2016. The Church and the Bomb: Anglicans and the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, c. 1958–1984. In God and War (pp. 157-174). Routledge.

Lodgaard, S. ed., 2016. Stable Nuclear Zero: The Vision and Its Implications for Disarmament Policy. Taylor & Francis.

Mousavian, S.H. and Mousavian, M.M., 2017. Building on the Iran Nuclear Deal for International Peace and Security. Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament, (just-accepted).

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Rozell, M.J., 2018. Introduction: The “Catholic Vote” in the USA. In Catholics and US Politics After the 2016 Elections(pp. 1-19). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

Rydell, R., 2017. A strategic plan for nuclear disarmament: Engineering a perfect political storm. Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament, pp.1-17.

Sagan, S.D., Acton, J.M., Dhanapala, J., Kibaroglu, M., Muller, H., Satoh, Y., Shaker, M.I. and Zaluar, A., 2018. Shared Responsibilities for Nuclear Disarmament: A Global Debate. Wall Street Journal, 3, p.16.

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Yamaga, C., Tomikawa, H., Kobayashi, N., Naoi, Y., Oda, T. and Mochiji, T., 2015. Report of'the 2014 international forum on peaceful use of nuclear energy, nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security. Future direction toward promoting non-proliferation and the ideal method of developing human resources using Centers of Excellence (COEs) following the new strategic energy plan' (No. JAEA-REVIEW--2015-023). Japan Atomic Energy Agency.