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For this assignment you will have to prepare a paper that critically discusses how organisations apply the strategic use of IS/IT to achieve IS/IT-enabled innovation. Some aspects and issues you may discuss in your paper could include (but are not limited to):

Discuss at least 4 examples of the use of IS/IT for innovation.

Highlight some success factors or some lessons learned (i.e., what went wrong?) for your examples.

Discuss the impacts of internal factors (e.g., organisational, individual, and management factors) and external factors (e.g., market, industry, social, economic, technological and political/policy factors) on the success (or the failure) of IS/IT  enabled innovation.

Suggest recommendations and guidelines for helping organisations succeed in their efforts to embark on using IS/IT for innovation with good explanation and discussion.

How Businesses Have Used IT Systems

In the current world, there are very many innovations that come up every day; this innovation is adopted by businesses as they seek to establish some form of positive and fruitful relationship with them. One of the most important aspects that have taken over the business world is the use of Information technology.  Over the years there have been many businesses which have gone out of their ways and employed the use of information systems (Brown & Osborne, 2012).

The gradual increases in the use of Information systems in businesses lead to the rise of the question of business and Information technology Alignment (how can businesses align themselves to the technological world to be more profitable?).Alignment is described as the ability to have some positive relationship between the business regarding its financial goals and the use of the existing technology (Pollalis 2003).Most of the businesses have come up with measures that ensure that their business functionalities are complemented with the information systems. This is done mainly in an attempt to realize the set objectives and goals.

With constant innovations coming up every day in the IT world, businesses are restructuring and changing their methods of operations in an attempt to accommodate these information systems. This will enable the business easily attain its goals and objectives as well as creating and maintaining a stronger competitive advantage over others in the very same industry.  All these changes can be traced back to the 1960s when the introduction of the database management systems came up. This sparked a ripple as this new and exciting technology provided effective ways of both storing and retrieving data in large amounts. To businesses, this was beneficial as it helped in reducing the problem of accountability and security.

Since the development of the database management systems in the years 1960, many businesses came up to adopt this use of technology (Preist,2005). This was mainly because of the many businesses processes that the system provided that could be very useful to the business itself. The system used by the business enterprises were mainly Information Management Systems. These systems are used to perform various management procedures for the benefit of the organization such as Data Retrieval, Data Transmission, and Data Manipulation.

The databases that were developed were programmed in a way that one could feed data into a computer system and once the data has been synced it is transformed to information. This led to the definition of information as data that has been processed. Meaning information is data that has been organized and is presented to make something meaningful to the user. Currently, businesses are using this as a platform to integrate and their various departments and make them able to manage easily. Since useful data can be obtained from different sources on the internet. This data can be very important to the organization since they can use this as a source to make and facilitate decision-making support systems. (Preist,2005)

This system is usually composed of three sections: which include transmission, propagation, and reception of data. This is the key issues in the business world when one wants to have the edge over his competition. This is whereby information can be moved from one person to another within the organization. This helps the business officials and their workers communicate and be able to come up with the best strategies to obtain a higher rate of profits. (Preist,2005)

Data Manipulation

Since in the business word communication, the customer or client is always the main component, it is very logical to enhance the flow of data from the clients themselves to the lower level workers to the top management of the company. This information would, later on, be very important for the organization, in general, to make strategies on how well they can improve their products or services and how best they can satisfy their customers. This will help them reach more markets and also maintain a good relationship with its customers.

  There is a large amount of data that is stored worldwide in computer systems; this data is not in any way useful unless it can be analyzed and presented effectively . in organizations worldwide, companies have very many transactions which employees are required to undertake thought their day to day transactions (Gruenbaum,2015).

Since then most organizations have adopted the innovations as the heart to their functionalities and strategic plans for success.

 The constant rise in research and innovations have seen the business industry benefit greatly. For most businesses heads failure to employ at least one Information Systems innovations in the business is a straight recipe for failure. Some of the recent innovations that are being widely and profitably used by businesses and organizations to better their functionalities include.

  • Mobile Technology/solutions
  • Cloud computing
  • Connection
  • Social innovations.
  • Use of Robotics

This is the first and foremost objective of almost all organizations worldwide. Creating and maintaining communication both in the internal environment of business and the external part of the business. The internal part includes employees, suppliers, and the machinery. Whereas the external parts include the customers, government and the environment at large. As a business, effective communication is vital to success. This is because it enables the organization not only introduce itself to its potential market but also it helps create a well functioning group of employees.  

Connectivity in the Information and Technological world mainly relies upon the employment and the use of the internet. Ever since the development of the internet businesses has expanded their reach. This has enabled them to expand their operations.

It is due to connectivity via the internet that has led to companies such as Amazon, Samsung and Apple have grown in stature and reputation worldwide. These companies have used their ability to connect to the internet to reach more countries in the world. This has made them not only to be well known, but also it has made them trusted by most customers in turn the companies have experienced a constant rise in their revenues.

These companies have opened branches on different continents worldwide. This expansion has led to an increase in the market for their products. With the company being well known, the management has employed many people in those different countries. The managers in the branches have employed methods of obtaining constant reports and feedbacks from the heads in all these regions. These communication methods are very much reliant on the use of the internet. The avenues that they use to communicate include through emails for text messages and reports. This can be complemented by the use of video conferencing. Where there is live real-time communication between people, who are in different parts of the world. Currently, most organizations are using video conferencing in strategic planning meetings as it not only reduces the travel expenses but also saves vital time for the business.

Examples of I.T Innovations and Their Impact on Businesses

Mobility, in this case, is the ability to be able to do your daily functions while at different places.  With the use if the internet, many businesses have restructured their operations. This has included the fact that employees can work from anywhere.  Is due to the creation of a virtual workspace over the internet whereby people can access everything they use in the office with just a touch of a button (Garicano & Rossi-Hansberg, 2012). When workers are on holiday then an urgent matter that requires their skills and expertise comes up, the person can easily be contacted and having only the access to computer and internet connection, they can perform their functionalities even when in another country.

This innovation has been used even for managers of organizations whose main purpose is to supervise the workers and ensure that they attain the goals that have been set for them. Managers are now able to monitor what their employees are doing and how productive their input is to the whole organization.

The mobile solutions are not only of benefit to the organization internally but also to the customer. This is because customers can interact with the organization without necessarily being required physically at the organization's offices. A great example here is eBay Company. The company which operates an online shop receives clients from all over the world. This is because they have embraced the use of innovation.

This is the use of third-party organizations to perform certain functions for a company. This innovative step came up, as a result, to ensure the company has secure storage of data which can be easily accessed whenever needed (Ylinen,2014). This is in addition to providing backup for the company's data. This innovative step is beneficial to both large and small organizations as it is very affordable yet it comes up with so many benefits including security in the form of backup provision, and easy access.

Cloud computing complements the innovation on mobility. This is owed to the fact that it is through the servers used that a mobile employee can access files of a client even when not in the physical office (Tanriverdi & Uysal2011).

Another major innovation is the social innovations; this is one of the major innovative steps that have enlightened the whole world. Not only have businesses stood to succeed in this innovation but also the customer (Garrigos, 2012).

Since the development and rise of Facebook as a social site, the whole world is just a click away. This means that interaction with various people from different parts of the world can be created and maintained. After the development of Facebook other platforms of social interaction have also developed such as Twitter, Instagram and even more recently Snap chat. Through these innovations, businesses have been maximizing their presence and reached (Garrigos, 2012). With research showing that almost 65% of the world is on Facebook, it has created an opportunity for businesses to market their products online since the market reach has drastically increased.

Connection

In addition to marketing to customers through these social sites, companies have come up with ways of getting to obtain customer feedback through interaction with them. This helps the organization know the exact needs of a customer and therefore create ways of addressing these issues.

Constant innovations have brought about the use of robotics in organizations. Organizations are using computer programmed robots to perform different functions in the organization that would have otherwise have been performed by a human being (Anderson & Zhou,2014).

A great example is in the mining sector where mining companies no longer have to employ thousands of people to dig through hard rocks to obtain precious material. They simply use machines that are virtually controlled. These machines are more effective and efficient as they ensure quality work in addition to ensuring time is well spent in doing the work (Bon& Mustafa,2013).

With the use of Robotics and Artificial intelligence organizations such as NASA have thrived since these robots greatly aid most of the research that they do outside the world.

The use of the impact of the technological innovations has been seen as a double-edged sword. This is because they have both positive and negative implications for others (Baker,2012). This impacts can be felt both internally and externally.

Based on the company’s internal environment, there are different implications of the use of this technology.

For the organization generally, it is beneficial since the use of these technologies has helped reduce costs. This is because the work that these gadgets/systems do can be equated to the function of very many people (Abdul & Counsell,2012). A great example is marketing. Marketing if a product to be able to reach the whole world used to require very many people. But now with the presence of the internet and social sites, the whole world can be reached at without having to move about with a large number of sales teams (Stamford,2015). In addition to that, the fact that the use of these new systems makes work easier and safer encourages many people to implement their usage.

For management theses systems have led to the enhancement of working rate. This is due to the systems such as employee management systems which have enabled managers to monitor how their organizations are performing easily.

Marketing

For the external environment. These technologies have enabled the business to be able to market its products and create a lasting brand image (Garicano & Rossi-Hansberg,2012). This helps the company to develop in the sense that they have a wider market which always leads to higher profit margins.

These innovations have helped organizations establish and maintain constant interactions between itself, its customers and its partners(Suppliers and Distributors) this has been enhanced through social sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram (Garrigos, 2012).

These innovations have come up with some disadvantages. Below are some of the disadvantages.

  1. They have to lead to unemployment. This is the most visible disadvantage of the work that was previously done by more than one hundred people can now be done by just one computer or robot (Zach, 2012).
  2. Another disadvantage that is being experienced is that if these innovative steps are not monitored keenly, they can cause massive losses to the companies. This can be brought about by things such as hacking. This is whereby unauthorized people try to gain access to sensitive information.

For these innovations to bring about success to the organizations, the companies can create systems whereby they constantly monitor them. This will help prevent unauthorized access and thereby making the company safe from external attacks from hackers. This can be done through the introduction of the CIO (Chief Information Officer). This is the people tasked with business and IT integration (Windrum,2014).

The organizations can also teach their employees on how to employ these innovations in their workstations. This will create a situation where rather than the employee losing his/her work, they can complement each other.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the numerous inventions that come up provide an excellent opportunity for all businesses to exploit. Through these innovations, they create a base for creating and maintaining a global reach. However, these inventions should be implemented properly to ensure maximum positive results.

References 

Abdul Hameed, M., and Counsell, S., 2012. Assessing the influence of environmental and CEO characteristics for the adoption of information technology in organizations. Journal of technology management & innovation, 7(1), pp.64-84.

Anderson, N.,. and Zhou, J., 2014. Innovation and creativity in organizations: A state-of-the-science review, prospective commentary, and guiding framework. Journal of Management, 40(5), pp.1297-1333.

Baker, J., 2012. The technology–organization–environment framework. In Information systems theory (pp. 231-245). Springer New York.

Bon, A.T. and Mustafa, E.M., 2013. Impact of total quality management on innovation in service organizations: Literature review and new conceptual framework. Procedia Engineering, 53, pp.516-529.

Brown, K. and Osborne, S.P., 2012. Managing change and innovation in public service organizations. Routledge.

Garicano, L. and Rossi-Hansberg, E., 2012. Organizing growth. Journal of Economic Theory, 147(2), pp.623-656.

Garrigos-Simon, 2012. Social networks and Web 3.0: their impact on the management and marketing of organizations. Management Decision, 50(10), pp.1880-1890.

Godart, F.C., Maddux, W.W., Shipilov, A.V. and Galinsky, A.D., 2015. Fashion with a foreign flair: Professional experiences abroad facilitate the creative innovations of organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 58(1), pp.195-220.

Gruenbaum, R., 2015. Innovations in Organizations. In Making Social Technologies Work (pp. 147-151). Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Nijstad, B.A., Berger-Selman, F. and De Dreu, C.K., 2014. Innovation in top management teams: Minority dissent, transformational leadership, and radical innovations. European journal of work and organizational psychology, 23(2), pp.310-322.

Overschie, M., Lukosch, H.K., Mulder, K., and de Vries, P., 2013. Micro-training to support sustainable innovations in organizations. Green ICT & energy: From smart to wise strategies, pp.97-106.

Pollalis, Y. A. (2003). Patterns of co-alignment in information-intensive organizations: business performance through integration strategies.International Journal of Information Management, 23(6), 469-492.

Preist, C., Esplugas-Cuadrado, J., Battle, S. A., Grimm, S., & Williams, S. K. (2005, November). Automated business-to-business integration of a logistics supply chain using semantic web services technology. InInternational Semantic Web Conference (pp. 987-1001). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Stamford, C., 2015. Garner’s 2015 hype cycle for emerging technologies identifies the computing innovations that organizations should monitor.

Tanriverdi, H., & Uysal, V. B. (2011). Cross-business information technology integration and acquirer value creation in corporate mergers and acquisitions.Information Systems Research, 22(4), 703-720.

Windrum, P., 2014. Third sector organizations and the co-production of health innovations. Management Decision, 52(6), pp.1046-1056.

Ylinen, M.., 2014. The effects of organic and mechanistic control in exploratory and exploitative innovations. Management Accounting Research, 25(1), pp.93-112.

Zach, F., 2012. Partners and innovation in American destination marketing organizations. Journal of Travel Research, 51(4), pp.412-425.

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