Emerging Technologies For Improved Air Traffic

3 Data Encryption Standards for WiMAX

The 3 data encryption standards required for the wireless data transmission are given as follows:

RSA: The first data encryption standard used in WiMAX network is RSA. It is an acronym for Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman and the algorithm was developed by them in the year 1978 (Barker, 2017). This was the first public key cryptosystems that was developed by them. In this special type of cryptosystem, the decryption key is private (secret) and is different from the encryption key which is made public and this is the reason why this is known as asymmetric encryption. The asymmetry of this RSA algorithm is based on the difficulty of factorization of product of two prime numbers. A RSA algorithm user is able to publish the public key which is based on the two prime numbers that are large.  

DES: The next data encryption standard is known as triple data encryption standard or 3-DES. This encryption standard was first published in the year 1975 and this triple DES standard is based on DES standard and it offers significant advantage over the other (Garg, Varshney & Bhardwaj, 2015). There was a slight modification over the Data Encryption Standard. DES used block cipher but the key size was less and for triple data encryption standard, the block cipher size was tripled to provide more protection against brute forces.

AES: The third standard is known by the name – AES (Advanced data encryption standard). It was developed by United States National Institute of standards and technology in the year 2001 (Adhie et al., 2018). Its block size consists of three different key length (192,128 and 256) bits. In this algorithm, same key should be used for encryption and decryption and that is why it is known as symmetric key algorithm.

Traffic coordination and the methods to reduce collision

For traffic coordination in a shared wireless medium, medium access layer or which is popularly known as media access layer is used (Djahel et al., 2015). It is a sub layer and along with the logical link control layer, it makes up the data link layer. These two sub layers makes up the OSI layer by corresponding to layer 2. The media access layer contains the MAC block which has the function of encapsulating high level frames and then it converts those into frames suitable for transmission (Abraham, 2017). Some of the main functions provided by the MAC layer are frame recognition and delimiting. This layer has one interesting protocol known as multiple access protocol. This enables multiple stations to connect to the same physical layer for enhanced sharing. There are some protocols that help in eliminating collision (Nellore & Hancke, 2016). One of them is known as MACAW (Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance for wireless systems). This is mainly used in AD-HOC networks.

Summary IoT research paper

Research Paper: Design and Simulation of State-of-Art ZigBee Transmitter for IoT Wireless Devices

Summary: According to Zorzi et al. (2010), the development and improvement of the technology had resulted in forming the utilization of the activities for forming the implication of the developed rapid development and operations. The technology of ZigBee Transmitter had been helpful for the implication of the IoT technology and the implication of the development models for effective transmission model. The analysis of the operations had resulted in forming the use of WPAN or wireless personal area network and using the activities for forming the implication of the operations. The analysis had resulted in developing an understanding for the operations of ZigBee at the frequency bands of 868 MHz, 915 MHz and 2.4 GHz (Zorzi et al. 2010). The data rate has been maximized by the use of the ZigBee transmitter and it operates by providing the data rate of 250k.

Research Paper: From Today’s Intranet of Things to a Future Internet of Things: A Wireless and Mobility Related View

Summary: According to Elarabi, Deep & Rai, (2015), the intranet technology has seen considerable growth for the implication of the activities and alignment of the IoT technology for the deployment of the integrated technology innovation. The successive alignment of the activities had considered the utilization of the operations and alignment of the wireless technology innovation and development. The analysis of the design and protocols would be helpful for the study of the operability in IoT devices (Elarabi, Deep & Rai, 2015). The mechanism for the efficient integration of the architecture would result in forming the effective principles and development.

References

Abraham, B. (2017, April). Advanced trajectory modeling: Exploring emerging technologies for improved air traffic management. In Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS), 2017 (pp. 1-11). IEEE.

Adhie, R. P., Hutama, Y., Ahmar, A. S., & Setiawan, M. I. (2018, January). Implementation Cryptography Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) Method in Communication System Based Near Field Communication (NFC). In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 954, No. 1, p. 012009). IOP Publishing.

Barker, E. (2017). SP 800-67 Rev. 2, Recommendation for Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA) Block Cipher. NIST special publication, 800, 67.

Djahel, S., Doolan, R., Muntean, G. M., & Murphy, J. (2015). A communications-oriented perspective on traffic management systems for smart cities: Challenges and innovative approaches. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 17(1), 125-151.

Elarabi, T., Deep, V., & Rai, C. K. (2015, December). Design and simulation of state-of-art ZigBee transmitter for IoT wireless devices. In Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT), 2015 IEEE International Symposium on (pp. 297-300). IEEE.

Garg, P., Varshney, S., & Bhardwaj, M. (2015). Cryptanalysis of simplified data encryption standard using genetic algorithm. American Journal of Networks and Communications, 4(3), 32-36.

Nellore, K., & Hancke, G. P. (2016). A survey on urban traffic management system using wireless sensor networks. Sensors, 16(2), 157.

Zorzi, M., Gluhak, A., Lange, S., & Bassi, A. (2010). From today's intranet of things to a future internet of things: a wireless-and mobility-related view. IEEE Wireless Communications, 17(6).