Equipment Revaluation Decision In Indonesia

Discuss About The Equipment Revaluation Decision In Indonesia?

 

The subject matter of measurement is the land and property which is demolished and renewed by the entity engaged in manufacturing of women shoes. The cost of land and factory will be recognised only if the entity is certain about its future economic benefits and the asset’s cost can be measured reliably[1]. The entity does the evaluation of all the costs associated with property, plant and equipment under this recognition principle (Plant, Property and Equipment AASB 116), at the time when they are incurred. These costs include the costs which are incurred initially at the time of acquiring or constructing the asset and subsequent costs incurred to replace or reconstruct the asset[2]. The costs associated with the day to day service are not to be included in the carrying amount of asset. These costs are recognized separately in the profit or loss account.

Determine valuation premise/method

After the land and factory is recognized as an asset whose fair value is measureable reliably shall be represented at revalue amount minus any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses; this will give its fair value at the date of the revaluation[3]. Revaluations shall be made regularly for ensuring that there is no material discrepancy in carrying amount and the fair value of the asset at the end of the reporting period.

Determination of market

The fair value of asset is usually determined by evidence provided by appraisal of market undertaken by professionals. The fair value asset is usually their current market value. The entity must allocates the initial amount of the non-current tangible assets to its significant parts and apply depreciation to each part separately. On the other hand if the entity acquires the psychology asset on lease basis, it is appropriate to depreciate the asset separately. The disclosure required by standard requires reflecting the following-

• The existence of any title on the property, plant and equipment pledged as security and their respective amounts[4];
• The amount of expenditures which are being recognised in the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment in its construction phase;
• the amount of contractual obligations which are to be paid for the acquisition of the assets[5];
• If the impairment is not disclosed separately in the comprehensive income statement, that is included in profit or loss account in total.

Determine Valuation technique

As per the valuation technique provided by IAS 116, the valuation of land will be done in the following manner-

Market value of land+ demolishing cost+ cost of construction

10, 000, 00+ 10, 000, 00+780000= 27, 80,000

Calculations & General Journal Entries 1/7/16 to 30/6/17:

 (Amount in $)

Date	Account	DR	CR
1-07-2016	Machine A/c DR.	100000
	Bank A/C Cr.		100000
	(Being machine A purchased)
1-07-2016	Machine A/c Dr.	60000
	Bank A/c Cr.		60000
	(Being Machine B purchased)
30-06-2017	Depreciation A/c Dr	20000
	Machine A A/c Cr.		20000
	(Being depreciation charged for the year) (Note: 1)
30-6-2017	Depreciation A/c Dr	20000
	Machine B A/c Cr.		20000
	(Being depreciation charged for the year) (Note: 2)
30-06-2017	Machine A A/c Dr	4000
	Revaluation Surplus Cr		4000
	Profit on revaluation is transferred to revaluation surplus account. (Note:3)
30-6-2017	Revaluation Surplus A/c Dr	2000
	Machine B A/c Cr.		2000
	(Loss on revaluation in charged to revaluation surplus account). (Note: 4)

Working Note:

Note1

Depreciation of Machine A

Cost of Machine         $100000

Expected useful life    5 years

Depreciation                 $100000/5

Depreciation of Machine B

Cost of Machine         $60000

Expected useful life    3 years

Depreciation                 $60000/3

                                    $20000 p.a.

Revaluation Surplus on Machine A

Fair value of Machine A on 30^th June 2017

= $84000

Book Value of Machine A on 30^th June 2017

=$100000-$20000

=$80000

Revaluation Surplus of Machine A

Fair Value – Book Value

$84000- $80000

$4000

Impairment loss on Machine B

Fair value of Machine B on 30^th June 2017

= $38000

Book Value of Machine B on 30^th June 2017

=$40000

Impairment Loss

=$38000-$40000

=-$2000

In accordance with provisions specified in AASB 116 Property, Plant and Equipment revaluation surplus is transferred to surplus on revaluation account[6]. Further, if any loss relating to revaluation occurs than the same is adjusted with existing balance of revaluation account and in case of higher loss the remaining balance is charged to profit and loss accounting as impairment loss[7].

Calculations & General Journal Entries 1/8/18:

Date	Account	DR	CR
1-1-2018	Bank Account Dr.	29000
	Revaluation A/c Dr	2000
	Profit & Loss A/c Dr.	7000
	Machine B A/c Cr.		38000
	(Being machine B sold at loss of $9000)
1-1-2018	Cash A/c Dr	80000
	Machine C A/c Cr.		80000
	(Being machine purchased for cash)
1-1-2018	General reserve A/c Dr.	8000
	Revaluation Surplus A/c Dr.	2000
	Share Capital  A/c Cr.		10000
	(Being bonus share issued)

Calculations & General Journal Entries 30/6/18:

Date	Account	DR	CR
30-6-2018	Depreciation A/c Dr.	21000
	Machine A A/c Cr		21000
	(Being depreciation charged) (Note 1)
30-6-2018	Depreciation A/c Dr.	20000
	Machine C A/c Cr.		20000
	(Being depreciation charged) (Note 2)
30-6-2018	Impairment loss A/c Dr	3500
	Machine A Cr.		2000
	Machine C A/c Cr.		1500
	(Being impairment loss charged) (note 3 & 4)

Working Notes

Depreciation as per revaluated amount

Revalue amount / No of remaining years

$84000/ 4

= $21000

= $80000/4

 = $ 20000 p.a.

= $10000 for six months

Impairment loss

$61000 - $63000 ($84000-$21000)

$2000

Impairment loss

$68500-$70000 ($80000-$10000)

$ 1500

Explain accounting issues

Internally generated cost of intangible assets generally meant for paragraph 24 is the total of expenditure held from the specific date, when recognition criteria is faced by intangible assets in (para 21, 22 and 57). As per the paragraph 71, it avoids the expenditure’s re-instalments prior to be recognised as expense[8]. Internally generated cost of intangible assets is combined with all the direct attribute costs required to make the assets capable to operate in an effective manner for the purpose of management.

Differences Internally Generated vs Acquired

According to AASB 123, the recognition criteria of interest are a component of internally generated cost of intangible assets. These are the non-components of internally generated cost of intangible assets; Expenditure incurred on training staff members in order to operate asset, recognized inefficiencies and primary loss on operation held before achieving the goal. Once the initial requirement is satisfied, an intangible asset shall be recognized at cost from which accumulated amortization and any impairment losses will be subtracted.

After the initial recognition is done an intangible asset’s amount shall be revalued, as fair value at the specific date of revaluation from any accumulated amortization and any impairment losses will be subtracted. For revaluation purpose as per the Standard, fair value must be measured by considering active market. Revaluation must comprise with such kind of regularity which ultimately does not vary from its fair value. On the contrary under IAS 38, there are several requirements for accounting of intangibles and will vary on the basis of source of asset. Internally generated cost of intangible assets shall be valued initially on the basis of direct attributable costs which will meet the terms with recognition criteria (para 81). Individually obtained intangibles shall be valued at the cost of actual transaction, inclusive of directly attributable costs having the asset readily available (para 82)[9]. It must be considered that the transactional price for individually obtained intangibles may be assisted by valuing of assets before the transaction; however it is not considered as an actual requirement. After analysing methods available in both the standard it can be assessed that it is comparatively easier for calculation.

Reasons for Reluctance

Companies may be unwilling to accept changes required by AASB 138/IAS 38 in order to access recognition of internally generated intangible assets in appropriate manner. As the use of intangible is essentially more complex to measure comparatively to other assets; the same is due to changes in goodwill value are unstable and changeable[10]. Systematic provision of intangible asset is subjective; it is complex to impartially state the life and depreciation method used.

Deficit of Fund

 $28700000

As on 31^st December 2016,

the value of benefit obligation 23000000

fair value of plan assets 20130000

Deficit of fund 28700000

Net Defined Benefit Liability

The defined net benefit liability on the year ended 31^st December 2016 stood at 2870000. The amount is same as that of deficit of fund.

Net Interest

 3000000

Working notes:

Expense of interest Defined Benefit obligation’s components:

Brought forward value of Defined Benefit Obligation                           $20, 000, 000

Service cost of previous year                                                                  $2, 200, 000

(2, 000,000+2, 200,000*10%)

Components of Interest income                                                                 19,000,000

(19,000,000*10%)

Reconciliation

	Liability of Net Defined Benefit	Obligation of Defined Benefit	Plan Assets
Balance as on 1/1/16	1,000,000	20000000	19000000
Cost of Past service		2000000
Adjusted Balance		22000000
10% interest		2200000	1900000
Cost of Present service		800000
Fund Contributions received			1000000
Funds’ paid Benefits		(2100000)	(2100000)
Return on Plan Assets excluding Interest			330000
Remeasured Actual loss of Defined Benefit Obligation		100000
Balance as 31st December 2016	2870000	23000000	20130000

Working note for Return on Plan Asset

Fair value of Plan Asset as on 31^st December 2016           $20 130 000

Minus:

Opening balance                                                                  $ 19 000000

Income from Interest                                                           $ 1 900000

Contributions                                                                       $ 1 000000

Payment of benefits                                                             (2 100 000)    -  19 800 000

Return on Plan Assets                                                         $ 330 000

Journal Entries

Date	Particular	Dr.	Cr.
30/6/2013	Expense related to Superannuation  (P/L)   Dr	3 100 0000
	Superannuation Income Account Cr		230 000
	Bank A/c Cr		1 000000
	Superannuation liability A/c Cr		1 870000
	(being Superannuation expense and contributions accounted)

References

Basu, A. and Andrews, S., 2014. Asset allocation policy, returns and expenses of superannuation funds: recent evidence based on default options. Australian Economic Review, 47(1), pp.63-77.

Cheung, E. and Lau, J., 2016. Readability of Notes to the Financial Statements and the Adoption of IFRS. Australian Accounting Review, 26(2), pp.162-176.

Davies, B., 2014. Defined Benefit vs Defined Contribution or is There a Third Way? Defined Ambition Schemes: An Alternative Approach to Risk Sharing.

Deegan, C., 2013. Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia.

Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015. Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU.

Ji, X.D. and Lu, W., 2014. The value relevance and reliability of intangible assets: Evidence from Australia before and after adopting IFRS. Asian Review of Accounting, 22(3), pp.182-216.

Lubbe, I., Modack, G. and Watson, A., 2014. Financial Accounting GAAP Principles. OUP Catalogue.

Yao, D.F.T., Percy, M. and Hu, F., 2015. Fair value accounting for non-current assets and audit fees: Evidence from Australian companies. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 11(1), pp.31-45.

Zakaria, A., Edwards, D.J., Holt, G.D. and Ramachandran, V., 2014. A Review of Property, Plant and Equipment Asset Revaluation Decision Making in Indonesia: Development of a Conceptual Model. Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology, 12(1), pp.1-1.

AASB 116.Property Plant and Equipment. 2016. (PDF). Available through < https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB116_07-04_COMPjun09_07-09.pdf>. [Accessed on 30^th September 2017.]