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Selected Research Papers

This is a case study analysis of a student “Leah” who is a 21-year old student of health sciences at the University of Australia. She reported weight gain specifically around her abdomen secondary to not eating nutritive and healthy meals, and lack of regular exercise. Leah visited the student health clinic of her university to find guidance for her health problems. Afterthe initial meeting with Leah, I located two pertinent research studies to evaluate its quality and to find a solution to “Leah” concerns.

The selected research papers include the first research paper with title “The weight-loss experience: a qualitative exploration” was authored by David Rogerson, Hora Soltani,and Robert Copeland. Official ethical approval was arranged for this research study by research degree’s ethics committee of Sheffield Hallam University. All participants were asked for informed consent to conduct this research and also for publication of research, according to the Helsinki declaration(Rogerson, Soltani, & Copeland, 2016). The data collected in the result section was not publicly shared. The second research paper with title “Effects of a multi-disciplinary lifestyle interventions on cardiometabolic risk factors in a young woman with abdominal obesity:  A randomized controlled trial.”This protocol of the study was granted by the Committee on Human Research Ethics ofAustralian Catholic University.  In this paper, the writersconfirmed that all continuing and associated tests for the given study intervention were registered in the Australian NewZealand Clinical tests Registry and the guidelines of the reportto conduct medical trials were done in accordance with the CONSORT. Here, the participants gave written consent for the trials.In both papers, there were no grounds for variance of interest in connection with the study findings and the authors of the given paper(Share et al., 2015).

The objective of the first paper was to examine and explore the dieter’s experience during the weight-loss to deliver a detailed and rich account of the way these people feltand adapted to their strategies for weight loss in the context of actual life. The question asked by the author in this is “what are positive and negative factors that influence an individual success to lose weight.” Most of the researches were conducted by the usage of samples from intervention studies which involved weight-management. Hence, the study was carried out for weight loss intervention studies as very less was known about the phase of weight loss in weight management(Rogerson, Soltani, & Copeland, 2016).

The goal of the second paperwas to study the quality or effectiveness of various lifestyle interventions for decreasing thecardiovascular disease risk in young females withthe obesity of the abdomen, using a design of randomized controlled trials (RCT).There werefew studies conducted on the risk of cardiovascular disease in young female with obesity compared to cardiometabolic riskinterventions in elderly. These studies regarding young female remaineduncertain. Theabove study sets goals to assessthe influence of a twelve-week lifestyle treatment plan involving multi-disciplinary factors forcardiometabolic risk in a premenopausal female having obesity around the abdomen(Share et al., 2015).

Research Paper 1

The method applied in the first paper was based on the meta-theory which includes in-depth exploration of the participant’s experience and perspectives. There were a total of 8 participants in which (n = 4) with weight-loss goals and (n = 4) the goals of weight-maintenance. Eight volunteers had taken part in the study. The members of this study were British (white natives of age 4O±10 years of age) for both genders. Three participants had taken part in a weight-loss education program and two others participants were part of a commercial slimming clubs. Two participants hadpreviously received consultation services from a certified nutritionist. They were single male and female,working father, working mother, female ex-athlete. They were interviewed by applying a partially-structured interview to gain insight of their weight-loss experiences. Interviewed data were examined thematically using the Framework analysis methodand further analysis was done by recording the interview data as verbatim. Based on these different themes were selected and overall opinions on those themes were briefed and analyzed for conclusions(Ohsiek, & Williams, 2011). The participants explained following strategy for weight loss as a difficult and challenging task which affects themmentally, emotionally, and physically. They also described the need of consistent and careful management of the factor that promotes weight loss with the factors which result in relapse.These factors were themed into facilitators and barriers to weight loss. Barriers to weight loss comprised weight centeredness, environments, dichotomous thinking, and social pressure(Leahey, LaRose, Fava, & Wing, 2010). Weight loss facilitators included structure, mindfulness, social support, exercise,self-monitoring, ready to accept changes, and knowledge.The experiences of each participant on these themes were recorded and assessed in depth. The social cognitive theory aided in understanding the role of self-efficacy in achieving weight loss(Rogerson, Soltani, & Copeland, 2016).

The methods used in this paper concluded weight loss as a complicated problem, where factors related to environmental, physical, behavioral, and social assist and disrupt weight loss, the sample homogeneity necessitates the possible need for further research to achieve a broad understanding of the weight-loss practice. Here, participants were selected for study from gyms, slimming clubs, and health club using iterative sampling techniques(Lemstra, 2016). There is an absence of variety among the participants which indicate that pertinent knowledge about the experiences of overall ethnic and social groups present in the study and those whowere not are not analyzed completely. The samples involved in the study were, enough to accomplish its aim and therefore the study found practical weight-loss experiences, ascompared to experiences observed within research settings(Rogerson, Soltani, & Copeland, 2016).

Research Paper 2

The methods employed in the second study:Sixty-two female students who were Caucasian tertiary at the risk of CVD were employedin the study.After the advertisements conducted torecruit young females with abdominal obesity (Waist circumference-80cm), and also for the female living an inactive lifestyle, which included 62 women of age between 18 to 30 years. It also included women who were inactive (physically) for less than 210 minutes per week since past six months(Pipe, Osborn, & Ibrahim, 2016). But, due to their personal reasons and busy schedule, many left. The exclusion criteria involved breastfeeding or pregnant; woman undergoneBariatric surgery; and/or diagnosed with kidney or kidney disease; diabetes patient, heart arrhythmia; and thyroid abnormalities. None of the participants were smoked. These females were randomized to a lifestyle intervention of 12 weeks(n = 26)includingCBT(cognitive behavioral therapy), nutrition education, and physical activityand, ora control group of wait-list (n = 17). These two groups were assessed on anthropometric, fitness, biochemical, and nutrition testing, at the start of the study and after the completion of study in 12 weeks, with intervention members finishedtheir second testing at 24 weeks. Here, the wait-list control group (n = 17) wasasked to continue current lifestyleregime and also instructed to return after 12 weeks for the lifestyle intervention. There was a total of 39 members involved in the analysis of the linear mixed-model. However, those finishing up to the intervention, the rate of conformity were higherwith 80% attendance during the exercise programs and 74% of CBT sessions(Arem, & Irwin, 2011).

The study has some weakness or restrictions despite retention and recruitment strategies, the number of the sample was low in the control compared to expected at the end of the research, indicating the results were not accurate. And the results were particular to Caucasian female at a tertiary organization. It was unable to describe reasons for undetectable changes in control or wait-list groups(LaRose, Leahey, Weinberg, Kumar, & Wing, 2012).

The objective measurements such as (e.g., anthropometric measures, accelerometers) might be beneficial to notice any change to compare between control and sample groups.Futureresearchers might get advantage from the planof alteration in quality of diet rather than dietary intake.However, the research contributed to a less number of healthful lifestyle care planing young female (< 30 years of age) with associated risk factors of cardiometabolic (Share et al., 2015).

The findings of paper 1 helped to distinguish between the barriers and facilitators of weight loss based on the real-life experiences of the participants involved in the study(Ogden, Carroll, Kit, &Flegal, 2012).  It elaborated about the social cognitive theory (SCT), in which the perceived/actual successes of participants tended to increase their weight-loss, self-efficacy, and within SCT, an individual havinghigh self-efficacy towards their lifestyle alterations were less likely to recognizebarriers than to facilitators causing change (Rogerson, Soltani, & Copeland, 2016).

Methodology and Findings of Research Paper 1

The findings in the paper 2 assisted in understanding the role of interventions ofmultidisciplinary lifestyle consisting of nutrition education, physical activity, and cognitive behavioral theoryofreducing therisk factors associated with CVD in women with abdominal obesity(Simpson, Shaw, & McNamara, 2011). 

Leah came from the US to study a semester in Australia, where she lives with three international students. As Leah was gaining weight around her abdomen secondary to lack of healthy meals, and lack of regular exercise. Her situation can be improved by applying above evidence 1 which includes making her understand about the self-efficacyof weight loss so that she can use the weight loss facilitators, such as the strategy to monitor her weekly food intake and change in weight to avoid undesirable weight gain(Hutchesson, Hulst, & Collins, 2013).As Leah likes to enjoy living away from the residence, going out for parties, and her habit of experimenting with new mixed drinks of alcohol and Australian food items.  This can create the barrier in applying the evidence for her improvement as it will be difficult for her to modify her habitual activities, however, she needs to be ready for change if she wants to lose weight. As Leah would like to make changes to her lifestyle, weight, and eating patterns to impact her life positively which she can achieve by assisting herself with social support, knowledge, and mindfulness to guide her to eat right and control her behavioral pattern(Rogerson, Soltani, & Copeland, 2016). Leah should be taught the way to avoid social pressure and dichotomous thinking which means to have all or nothing as it is a barrier to weight loss. She should be made aware about the weight centeredness to prevent the development of her weight obsession(Ashok, &Karunanidhi, 2016).  By the application of evidence 2, Leah should be educated about the associated risks of abdominal obesity and lack of regular exercise on health and her mental well-being(Cleland, Schmidt, Salmon, Dwyer, & Venn, 2011).

ThePICO question asks about the healthy eating compared to exercise can cause weight loss in the female university. It does not completely align with evidence 1 and 2 as both have its key role in weight loss management, which is evident from paper 1 and 2, which emphasize exercise or physical activity and healthy eating as the facilitators of weight loss. Doing any one of them will not help to achieve the set goals of weight loss. However, if the combination of proper exercise with balanced,nutritious diet can help achieve weight loss(Gokee-LaRose et al., 2009). As students of female university mostly involved in the sedentary lifestyle, healthy eating alone cannot help because if a person is eating healthy, but unable to burn the calories due to sedentary lifestyle will add more weight in spite of weight loss.

References

Arem, H., & Irwin, M. (2011).A review of web-based weight loss interventions in adults. Obesity Reviews, 12(5), e236-e243.

Ashok, C., &Karunanidhi, S. (2016). Prevalence of overweight and obesity among young female college students in Chennai city. Journal Of Obesity And Metabolic Research, 3(1), 23.

Cleland, V., Schmidt, M., Salmon, J., Dwyer, T., & Venn, A. (2011).Correlates of pedometer-measured and self-reported physical activity among young Australian adults. Journal Of Science And Medicine In Sport, 14(6), 496-503.

Gokee-LaRose, J., Gorin, A., Raynor, H., Laska, M., Jeffery, R., Levy, R., & Wing, R. (2009). Are standard behavioral weight loss programs effective for young adults?. International Journal Of Obesity, 33(12), 1374-1380.

Hutchesson, M., Hulst, J., & Collins, C. (2013). Weight Management Interventions Targeting Young Women: A Systematic Review. Journal Of The Academy Of Nutrition And Dietetics, 113(6), 795-802.

LaRose, J., Leahey, T., Weinberg, B., Kumar, R., & Wing, R. (2012).Young Adults' Performance in a Low-Intensity Weight Loss Campaign. Obesity, 20(11), 2314-2316.

Leahey, T., LaRose, J., Fava, J., & Wing, R. (2010). Social Influences Are Associated With BMI and Weight Loss Intentions in Young Adults. Obesity, 19(6), 1157-1162.

Lemstra, M. (2016).Weight-loss intervention adherence levels and factors promoting adherence. Journal Of Obesity & Weight Loss Therapy, 06(04).

Ogden, C., Carroll, M., Kit, B., &Flegal, K. (2012). Prevalence of Obesity and Trends in Body Mass Index Among US Children and Adolescents, 1999-2010. JAMA, 307(5), 483.

Ohsiek, S., & Williams, M. (2011). Psychological factors influencing weight loss maintenance: An integrative literature review. Journal Of The American Academy Of Nurse Practitioners, 23(11), 592-601.

Pipe, D., Osborn, H., & Ibrahim, F. (2016).Effectiveness of two Live Well Suffolk weight management interventions in reducing weight in overweight and obese adults. Proceedings Of The Nutrition Society, 75(OCE1).

Rogerson, D., Soltani, H., & Copeland, R. (2016). The weight-loss experience: a qualitative exploration. BMC Public Health, 16(1).

Share, B., Naughton, G., Obert, P., Peat, J., Aumand, E., & Kemp, J. (2015). Effects of a Multi-Disciplinary Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Young Women with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomised Controlled Trial. PLOS ONE, 10(6), e0130270.

Simpson, S., Shaw, C., & McNamara, R. (2011). What is the most effective way to maintain weight loss in adults?. BMJ, 343(dec28 1), d8042-d8042.

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My Assignment Help (2022) Weight Loss Interventions In Young Women With Abdominal Obesity: A Case Study Analysis Essay. [Online]. Available from: https://myassignmenthelp.com/free-samples/hlsc122-inquiry-in-health-care/research-designs-and-methods-file-A84739.html
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My Assignment Help. 'Weight Loss Interventions In Young Women With Abdominal Obesity: A Case Study Analysis Essay.' (My Assignment Help, 2022) <https://myassignmenthelp.com/free-samples/hlsc122-inquiry-in-health-care/research-designs-and-methods-file-A84739.html> accessed 29 March 2024.

My Assignment Help. Weight Loss Interventions In Young Women With Abdominal Obesity: A Case Study Analysis Essay. [Internet]. My Assignment Help. 2022 [cited 29 March 2024]. Available from: https://myassignmenthelp.com/free-samples/hlsc122-inquiry-in-health-care/research-designs-and-methods-file-A84739.html.

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