Essay On Cybercrime: Impact, Fight Against It.

Classification of the Cybercrime

The concept of “cyber-crime “describe as an online criminal activity introduced by any cybercriminal through the network or devices of any computer. For instance-the activities of cyber-crime include any unauthorized entry or access of stranger without the consent of original user where any illegal or unlawful interference takes place (Wall, 2007).

A term “cyber-crime” is defined as online criminal activities took place either targeting a computer networks or devices of any individual. The computer networks or devices of an individual are target by any malware or malicious code or spam, denial of service (Dos) attack and any introduction of viruses in the computer (Anderson et.al. 2013).

The cyber-crime introduced in the early years of 1990s when the cyber world was developing and adopting new techniques. Such advanced development in the information technology emerged the introduction of the “cyber-crime”. The past reports by the IT experts stated that the year 1992 recorded the history of cyber-crime. Currently, the report of cyber-crimes, 2016 specifies the high rate of commission of cyber-crimes approximately in 21.5 to 28.9 per cent in the developed countries like United States and other European countries (Kshetri, 2009).

The cyber-crime is a serious threatening issue where not only credentials of individual affects but the trap continues to the big units or bodies of the nation only for purposes to accomplish the evil or criminal motive and illegal profits out of it.  Such increasing level in the cyber-crime increases on numerous causes or factors which is able to provide deep impacts on societal or economical elements (Burden & Palmer, 2009).

There are number of ways by which the security and privacy can be compromised (Pinguelo & Muller, 2011). The classification of the cyber-crime is as follows:

• Hacking: a criminal act committed by unauthorised intruder to access the restricted zone of the original user.
• Distribution of virus- virus is computer software attaches the infected files in the computer system by entry of “hybrid worms” in it.
• Introduction of slag codes- a malicious code inserted intentionally into computer software to delete the credential information or data of the user.
• Dos attack- an intentional attempt to deny service of the original user by the attackers in order to consume their secured data.
• Phishing- an offence to extract the online credential data of the users through their debit or credit card details. Such online theft technique is used for the purposes to unlawfully acquire monetary benefits of the original user.
• Electronic bombing and spamming- sending of enormous or in bulks of mails to the original user to target his network resources of the computer.
• Web jacking- it is often called as “online hi jacking”. In this technique cybercriminal change the original content of the website into fake web page.
• Stalking- a new form of criminal offence is highlighting nowadays. Stalking refers as an online harassment to the victim by following every moment of such victim.
• Data diddling- a new technique which is used to alter the original data of the user without his consent through the introduction of virus.
• Software piracy- a method to store the restricted by an unauthorised concealment of it. Such piracy is famous in the copying of any movies, songs or entertainment stuffs.
• Online fraud- a fraud takes place with a help of internet facilities. Such fraud includes fraudulent online transactions.
• Online harassment- the cybercriminals harasses the victims online through publishing defamatory statements.
• Cyber defamation- when a cybercriminal publishes any defamatory statements for the victims in order to defame his reputation.
• Cyber terrorism-a most threatening criminal act in which terrorist of rivalry countries threatens or destroys the nation’s official or censored data. 

Some of the dominating factors or causes evidence the high recording in the activities of cyber-crime (Panda, 2012). These are as following:

• Recognition-the cyber-crime are committed mainly by the young group of the society who wants to hold centre position in their group. Young group are categorised as an “idealist” whohave a strong desire to capture the market with their fascinating image or reputation. It is a psychological disorder where person get over self-obsessed by his own personality.  
• Profits- the cyber-crime are also committed due to the earning profits by unlawful means or methods where criminal commits such criminal activity with intent to earn monetary profits out of it. Such profit earning takes place by the criminal activities like online prostitution market, leaking of any victim’s obscene pictures, online extortion etc.
• Reprisal theory- the statistics of crime report states that the approximate 78 per cent of criminal activities are committed with an intention of taking “revenge”. Such reprisal theory attacks the sensitive or delicate credentials of victim. The common existence of such reprisal theory exists in the group of youngsters.
• Organizational causes- the criminal activities are highly traced in the big organizations or firms where activities take place with intent to manipulate the rivals or their near competitors. Such organizations also commit such cyber-criminal activities on an object to increase the assets or capitals.
• Negligence- there is a lack of awareness among internet users that the storage of credential information requires a strong passwords and implementation of security methods. Such negligent conduct of the victim is a common cause of “cyber-crimes”.
• Unlawful activism in cyber world- the cyber-crime is followed with a complete intention to threaten the national security by the terrorists of the rivalry countries. Thus, the cyber terrorism destroys the protected credential data of the nation.

It is a natural perception that “crime is an evil of the society” and such evil cannot be remove in one day. The cyber-crime is also considered as an element of societal or economical evils. The crime of the cyber world directly affecting the societal values where individual is not safe and secured even in the visual world.  The impacts of cyber-crime are directly affecting the delicacy and sensitivity of one’s emotion.

The social impact remains worst till the positive reformation introduced in the cyber world. Such reformation takes place with a aid of public at large. Thus, the participation of the society can be reformative to curb the cyber-crimes. The social impacts are deadly injuring every individual of the society. It is high time to justify the social impacts.

On the other side, the economic impact of cyber-crime is that nation’s economy is adversely affecting due to illegal money online laundering and creates a downfall in the gross revenue and capital of the nation. For instance- the national fiscal report of United States specified that the almost 67 per cent of national capital and assets affected due to online economical scams.

The economic impacts of the cyber-crime are so deteriorating in nature due to its weak nations’ economy. The gross revenue of the nation plays a significant role in curbing the cyber-crimes by introduction of the numerous affirmative policies. Such policies need a sound sponsorship and funds of the nation for its practical application.

Factors of Cybercrime

There are several key issues of cyber-crime which address the threat to cyber security in which some of the controversial issues are as following (Wang, 2007):

• Breach in the standards of national official data- the official data of nation is one of the significant data for national interest. There is urgent need to frame a strict and systematic legislation to protect the nation’s restricted or confidential data.
• Inefficiency in the proper implementation of legislation- there is an urgent need to create uniform law in order to ensure practical effectiveness of legislation in favour of cyber security.
• Delay by the court- the pendency in the cyber matters and minor or unnoticed remedies provided in context of cyber-crime. The courts must ensure the proper effectiveness in the procedure.
• Lacks of awareness for cyber threat- the cyber threat are still having lack of strong awareness among the cyber users.
• Urgent need to promote the public trust- the law institution must highlight the significance of cyber security and cybercriminal activity must constrain with proper investigation of the crime (Katos& Bednar, 2008).

Above stated ingredients or elements are able to provide clear explanation to the threats of cyber-crime. The vision of cyber-crime is still so hostile in nature that every visual user and nation must fight together. The measures of the fight by the government and individual should ensure the proper eradication of the cyber-crime (Levi, 2008).

The fight must start from the grass root level that is from every individuals home and highest root level must be ascertained by the every nation’s government. One must understand the consequences of the cyber-crime at its own perception (Turrini, 2010).  For instance- users must follow strong security techniques, should not access or reply to any spam or trash inbox, should not be negligent in storing personal information without strong password etc. On the other hand, the government should ensure the effective and sound policies or schemes over cyber security (Koops, 2010).

The advanced crime like Cyber-crime must be handling with proper cautious attitude. The fighting measures must apply the proper awareness and knowledge of the information technology sector (Yar, 2013). The IT experts’ session and regular conferences must be promoted in order to widespread the knowledge about the cyber-crime. The law bodies must frame a sound and structured form for cyber-crime to tackle effectively entire procedure of cyber-crime (Choo, 2011).

Hence, the fight against cyber-crimes remains inactive or inefficient unless strong participation and awareness among every individual or visual users of the nation.  It is stressed that roots of cyber-crime are so detrimental or severe that lead to deadly result or consequences. Such deadly consequences must be realised at a highest priority by both government and every individual of the nation (Mathew, Al Hajj and Al Ruqeishi, 2010).

Conclusion 

The paper concludes that the present moment is threatening in the cyber world due to development of cyber-crime. The security in the Cyber world is a significant characteristic to safeguard a virtual statistics or records from objectionable intrusions. The cyber-attacks in present period are a common issue because it is exposing a real criminal intimidation in the authorized or sanctioned data of an official administration as well credential data of an individual. The above research analysis states the significance of the cyber security and responds that the cyber-crime is simply not safe in present time. Hence, its effective or productive strategies can defend the forthcoming generation of the cyber world.

The increasing level in the threat of cyber offences requires to be censored down by its origins. The best illustration is that the cyber-criminal investigation implements the affirmative procedures through the strict norms of legislature assistance. The main object of cyber investigation law mainly concern with an inquiry of all basic or minute movement of any cybercriminal in order to establish complete protection of user’s credential online information.  It provides a practical execution of proper standardisation and monitoring of various online protocols to curb the existence factors of threats in cyber world (Jewkes, 2013).

Social and Economic Impact of Cybercrime

Moreover, In spite of many affirmative reforms or procedure in the context of cyber-crime, the existing strategies and policies are unfortunately does not implement properly in present time. Still, there is a lack of affirmative measures to secure the cyber world.  The affirmative measures should not contain any illusory picture of cyber security. It must implement such strategy which safeguards every minute details of the user (Britz, 2009). It is important to take an effective measure so that a users’ faith can be develop again. The unique and sound implementation of securing cyber world must be widespread awareness. Such implementation should include user’s own fingerprinting or eye balls identifications. Hence, it is a vital step to target on highly systematic and secured data over cyber world.

The future needs complete assurance to combat the increasing level of cyber-crime. It is high time to tackle the threatening effect of cyber-crimes. It is also evident that undesirable growth and expansion is creating a worst impact on sovereignty and integrity of the nation. Even the societal and economic growth of the cyber-crimes is more detrimental or severe in nature.

In the context of present paper, the clear fact is that cybercriminals are active only because the unorganised system of law and justice. The law and justice are the two strong pillars to combat the expansion of cyber-crimes (Broadhurst, 2008). Hence, there is urgent need to adopt preventive measures or policies and must apply the principle of strict liability in the case of cyber-crime matters.

Out styled, rigid and weak frame of the international legislation is a one of the major cause of expansion in cyber-crimes. There is a high need for adoption of strong international legislation in order to remove the grass roots of cyber terrorism. The cyber terrorism and cyber warfare plays a major threatening or coercive role in creating internal and external disturbances in the nation due to political intrusions (Shin, 2011).

The safe future of the cyber world lies within the individuals through the proper implementation of cyber-crimes effective and productive techniques. However, the issue is that who shall be holding ultimate responsibility. The response to the issue can be that every individual must hold self-responsibility so that future can be safeguarded.  Therefore, the present and future of the cyber security must be take care by the government. The current worst state of cyber-crime must be eliminated by proper evaluation of its effects (Taylor, Fritsch & Liederbach, 2014).

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