ITECH7406 Business Intelligence And Data Warehousing

The dashboards helped to analyse the prototype of the business information. The data analysis is carried out with SAP business objective and business analytics. The important factor of the research report is about the application of any analytics software alike SAP predicting analytics and Expert analytics to solve different types of analytical issues. The SAP platform designs required visualizations such as dashboards and predictive models to accomplish several analytical problems of business intelligence (MacGregor, 2013). In this research report, two different types of analysis such as descriptive analysis and predictive analysis are performed.

            The research analysis is created according to the data analysis of a data set on critical environmental issues. The data set is collected from “OECD.Stat” (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) website. The data set mainly has three countries that are “Country name”, “Year” and “Total emissions of Sulphur Oxides per capita in Kgs.”. These similar types of data are gathered for four developed countries in four developed continents. The countries are – New Zealand (Oceania), Japan (Asia), Spain (Europe) and United States of America (North America).

The major data set is collected on the basis of merging of four data sets. The data sets are the real-world data sets. All the chosen countries are the countries of OECD group. For this particular analysis, the records are collected for 26 countries in the range 1990 to 20115. The key variable undertaken in the merged data set is the “Total emissions of Sulphur Oxides per capita in Kgs.” for each 4 countries.

Research Background:

            The research is associated to the critical environmental challenges. The selected topic is about the total emissions per capita with the support of dashboards. The dashboards depict-

• The year wise distribution of Sulphur Oxides of total emissions per capita of the selected four countries.
• The prediction of five years of Sulphur Oxides of total emissions per capita for the chosen four countries.

The purpose of the data analysis is to enhance the visual analytics and to estimate the country wise emission of Sulphur Oxides in the interval 1990 to 2015.

Research Objectives:

            The research report and analysis explore, extract and analyse the insights of the any enterprise and business organisation. The insights are retrieved from the inference of data analysis and logical recommendations to improve the sustainability of the environment. The analysis visualizes and brings conclusion about the predictive analysis.

Scope of the Research Analysis:

            The data analysis takes a key role for the better sustainability of the environment. To encounter the challenges of environment caused by huge emission of Sulphur Oxides in the atmosphere on the accessibility, monitoring and preferable measures of the database intelligence. The Senior executive is asked to make preparation for the meeting with the board of association. The Senior executive has permitted to submit the reports regarding descriptive and perspective analysis before commencement of such types of meeting. Therefore, the proposed system should be able of probing the important environmental issues notified by the board members.  

Impact of Sulphur Oxides in the environment:

            Sulphur Oxides especially Sulphur dioxide can pollute the air significantly. High production of Sulphuric acid in factories and industries pollute the clean air across the world. Combustion of conventional and bio-fuels also enhances the level of Sulphur oxides in the air (Reddy & Venkataraman, 2002). The largest sources of Sulphuric oxide emissions are from fossil fuel combustion at power plants and other industrial facilities (Mylona, 1996). The sources of Sulphuric oxides involve industrial procedures alike extracting metal from ore and the combustion of high sulphur containing fuels according to large ships, non-road equipment and locomotives (Basha, Gopal & Jebaraj, 2009).

The major health related issues caused by Sulphur dioxide are noted as respiratory illness, lungs problem and cardiovascular diseases (Seaton et al., 1995). The severe affect of emission of Sulphuric oxides results by “Acid rain” (Likens et al., 1979). The conventional boilers, furnaces and chimneys emit poisonous gases (Smith et al., 2011). Historically, there has been a multitude of methods for Sulphuric oxides emission control (Vestreng et al., 2007). Recent environmental concerns enforce more strict laws and regulations about the emission of SO₂ (Dewees & Halewood, 1992).

Selected Data Analysis Process:

            The analyst has selected the business information reporting solution to represent the prescriptive data analysis. It might help the analyst to combine the data set and helps the users for making the analysis report. For getting magnified investigation report, the prescriptive analysis with the help of predictive analysis tool enables to go in-depth of the data set (Eckerson, 2010). That is why, business information reporting is found to be an effective solution due to its flexibility, availability of various types of features and easiness. BI reporting permits the comprehend many effective filters that could be utilised for the analysis purpose. More of it, the business information reports could be shared and downloaded in any format of the documents such as pdf format and docx format.

Prescriptive Data Analysis:

            The prescriptive analysis the field of business analytics provided to find the optimised action for a provided condition. Prescriptive analysis is consisting of both descriptive and predictive analytics. The prescriptive analysis involves optimization and comparison techniques that suggest the probable outcomes (Gröger, Schwarz & Mitschang, 2014). Prescriptive analysis visualizes the pattern and behaviour of data variables and advices the probable way-outs for finding the answers of plausible queries.

It also recommends numerous prescribed good and effective probable steps that might be used to guide the solution (Deka, 2016). The application of probable measures suggested by predictive analysis nullifies the environmental issues. The analysis and analytical tools with the help of prescriptive analytics attempts to quantify beneficial suggestions that influence the future forecast and decisions (Gualtieri et al., 2013). 

Descriptive Analysis:

            The descriptive statistics obtains the basic concepts used for describing the data set. It is a kind of statistical analysis that combines the raw data and supports to interpret the data samples and data variables easily. The descriptive statistics is beneficial to assist the crucial details from the historical behaviours and past insights (Saad, 2001). In this analysis, the descriptive statistics regarded the measures of minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation of the numerical variable “The total amount of Sulphur Oxide emissions per capita”. For dashboard preparation in business purpose, the summary statistics or descriptive statistics provide the advantage to represent the inventory issues, financial aspects, marketing zones, production of factories and managerial implications of the organisation.The descriptive statistics refers that minimum per capita emission of Sulphur Oxides is highest in New Zealand (14.43 Kgs.) followed by United States of America (10.53 Kgs.). The lowest minimum per capita emission of Sulphur Oxides is for Japan (2 Kgs.). The maximum per capita emission of Sulphur Oxides is highest in United States of America (83.83 Kgs.) followed by Spain (55.98 Kgs.). The lowest maximum per capita emission of Sulphur Oxides is for New Zealand (21.97 Kgs.). The average per capita emission of Sulphur Oxides in 26 years is highest in United States of America (46.526 Kgs.) followed by Spain (30.497 Kgs.). The lowest average per capita emission of Sulphur Oxides in 26 years is in Japan (12.898 Kgs.). The scatter-ness in terms of standard deviation is maximum in United states of America (22.336 Kgs.) followed by Spain (16.987 Kgs.). The lowest standard deviation is observed in case of New Zealand.

 The grouped box plot refers that-

United States of America suffers from maximum amount of Sulphur Oxides emission per capita. New Zealand and Japan comparatively emit lower amount of Sulphur Oxides per capita. The distribution of total emission of Sulphur Oxides per capita is least for New Zealand. The distribution also has an outlier too. The distribution of year wise emission of Sulphur Oxides is symmetric for United states of America and New Zealand. The median values of Sulphur emission are arranged in decreasing order from USA, Spain, New Zealand and Japan. The dashboard of year wise emission of Sulphur Oxides of four countries that are New Zealand, Japan, Spain and United States of America depicts that-

• Each country has decreased the amount of emission of Sulphur Oxides per capita in recent years except New Zealand.
• The per capita amount of emission of Sulphur Oxides for New Zealand has increased from past years (1990 to 2002) to middle years (2003 to 2006). Then, again the per capita amount of emission of Sulphur Oxides has decreased (2007 to 2015).
• The amount of emission of Sulphur Oxides per capita was greater in previous years (most likely from 1990 to 1994) for all the countries except New Zealand.
• The amount of emission of Sulphur Oxides per capita was greater for 2003 to 2006 for New Zealand.

 The parallel coordinate chart refers that the amount of per capita Sulphur Oxide emission is almost similar for Spain and Japan. The significant differences are observed between USA and New Zealand. 

Predictive Analysis:

The business information dashboard of predictive analysis transforms the conventional business information reports and depicts the predictive performances. The business information reporting dashboards and predictive performance reporting are utilised here. Big data and predictive analytics can leverage high specific insights of the visitors. Predictive analysing techniques must adopt high volume, velocity and variety of data.

Prediction and Forecasting with Dashboards:

The dashboards are utilised for forecasting and future prediction. The dashboard representation permits divergent exploration of data and analytical processes that can be utilised for comparing data from many divisions or isolated entities (Bertsimas & Kallus, 2014). Therefore, dashboards are the most logical format of visualisation to all. The country wise total emissions of Sulphur Oxides are presented with the help of dashboards. The dashboard précises the business information in a simple view using numerous database sources. The meeting committee would like to observe the real-time information with the help of dashboards. The analysis is accessible for other causes also. The dashboard reporting empowers the research team to drill down using dynamic graphs and predictive plots for 2016 to 2020.The predictive dashboard indicates that-

• The per capita amount of total emission amount would be 18 Kgs. by 2020 in New Zealand.
• The per capita amount of total emission amount would be almost 1.25 Kgs. by 2020 in Japan.
• The per capita amount of total emission amount would be insignificane by 2020 in USA and Spain.
• The direction of trend shows that the amount of total emission of Sulphur Oxide is decreasing for Spain, Japan and United States of America.
• The direction of trend indicates that the total emission of Sulphur Oxide is increasing in New Zealand only.
• As per latest forecst of 2016, the total emission of Sulphur Oxide is highest for New Zealand (16.5 Kgs.) and lowest for Spain (approximately 0 Kgs.).

Logical Recommendation:

            New Zealand should involve the proper measures to reduce the amount of emission of Sulphur Oxide. Firstly, people of all the countries should reduce the use of Crude oil and natural gases. They should concentrate on clean fuel. The government should take measure to remove the amount of Sulphur from the fuel. The technique of “Flue gas desulphurization” should be undertaken. The people should prevent production and release of SO₂ during combustion.

Recovery of Sulphuric acid could also be a possible way out to reduce the amount of Sulphur Oxide. Traditional boiler and chimneys should be replaced immediately. The government of New Zealand should make people concerned about current issue and try to avoid the emission from their end. The laws and regulations about Sulphur oxide emission from the factories and industries must be established. The steps should be recommended for reducing air pollution and global warming effects across the world.

Conclusion:

            According to the data visualization, a proper suitable decision support is undertaken. The analysis helps to experience the usability of SAP analytics tools with respect to data. Prediction and future forecasts are found. Descriptive and Prescriptive analysis helped to design the necessary prototypes. The key indicator variables are found to be year and amount of Carbon dioxide gas.

All the selected countries are developed countries. The decresing trend to all the countries except New Zealand of emission of per capita Sulphur Oxide is satisfactory. The United States of America especially has taken very leading role to reduce the amount of per capita Sulphur Oxide rapidly. Japan and Spain also decreased the amount of per capita emission of Sulphur Oxide abruptly. New Zealand has not improved in this case.

References: 

Basha, S. A., Gopal, K. R., & Jebaraj, S. (2009). A review on biodiesel production, combustion, emissions and performance. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 13(6-7), 1628-1634.

Bertsimas, D., & Kallus, N. (2014). From predictive to prescriptive analytics. arXiv preprint arXiv:1402.5481.

Deka, G. C. (2016). Big data predictive and prescriptive analytics. In Big Data: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 30-55). IGI Global.

Dewees, D. N., & Halewood, M. (1992). The efficiency of the common law: sulphur dioxide emissions in Sudbury. The University of Toronto Law Journal, 42(1), 1-21.

Eckerson, W. W. (2010). Performance dashboards: measuring, monitoring, and managing your business. John Wiley & Sons.

Gröger, C., Schwarz, H., & Mitschang, B. (2014, May). Prescriptive analytics for recommendation-based business process optimization. In International Conference on Business Information Systems (pp. 25-37). Springer, Cham.

Gualtieri, M., Rowan Curran, A., TaKeaways, K., & To, M. T. B. P. P. (2013). The Forrester Wave™: Big Data Predictive Analytics Solutions, Q1 2013. Forrester research.

Likens, G. E., Wright, R. F., Galloway, J. N., & Butler, T. J. (1979). Acid rain. Scientific American, 241(4), 43-51.

MacGregor, J. (2013). Predictive Analysis with SAP®. SAP Press.

Mylona, S. (1996). Sulphur dioxide emissions in Europe 1880–1991 and their effect on sulphur concentrations and depositions. Tellus B, 48(5), 662-689.

Reddy, M. S., & Venkataraman, C. (2002). Inventory of aerosol and sulphur dioxide emissions from India. Part II—biomass combustion. Atmospheric Environment, 36(4), 699-712.

Saad, G. H. (2001). Strategic performance evaluation: descriptive and prescriptive analysis. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 101(8), 390-399.

Seaton, A., Godden, D., MacNee, W., & Donaldson, K. (1995). Particulate air pollution and acute health effects. The lancet, 345(8943), 176-178.

Smith, S. J., Aardenne, J. V., Klimont, Z., Andres, R. J., Volke, A., & Delgado Arias, S. (2011). Anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions: 1850–2005. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(3), 1101-1116.

Vestreng, V., Myhre, G., Fagerli, H., Reis, S., & Tarrasón, L. (2007). Twenty-five years of continuous sulphur dioxide emission reduction in Europe. Atmospheric chemistry and physics, 7(13), 3663-3681.