The Influence Of Emotions On Perception Of Loudness: A Study

Part 1 – Article Analysis

Part 1 - Section 1 (Explain an Issue)

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Part 1 - Section 2 (Relevance of Context)

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Part 1 - Section 3 (Identify Assumptions)

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Part 1 - Section 4 (Understand Implications and Make Conclusions)

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Part 2 – Reflection on Diversity and Global Learning

Part 2 - Section 1 (Build Self-Awareness)

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Part 2 - Section 2 (Examine Perspectives)

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Part 2 - Section 3 (Address Diversity)

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The researchers of this study were interested in understanding the influence of emotions on the perception of Loudness. Loudness perception being an important modular system is not affected in any way by brain systems. It was meant to examine whether negative emotion had it could in any way influence the basic sensory dimension. It was to explore the possibility that emotional processing could regulate low-level perceptions (Asutay & Västfjäll, 2012).  The study incorporated 34 individuals with normal hearing (females had a mean age of 26.7). The research participants were enquired about their hearing abilities.  All the research participants gave their informed consent before being included in the activities and were appropriately compensated after the study. In accordance to research ethical guidelines, the study experiments were done according to the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki, and Vastra Gotaland regional ethics committee approved its activities.  1/3 octave band wide noise which had Centre frequencies 250 Hz, 500Hz, 1 kHz and 2 kHz served as auditory stimuli and the loudness was maintained at 5.5 sones [21]. The sounds were produced by the use of loudspeakers which were placed at a 1.2m height and 2m distance from the research correspondents. The elevation of the loudspeakers was at 60 degrees.  In the actual activity, the participants sat on a chair and a vibration was applied over a powerful shaker attached to the seat rest. The amplitude and the stimulus (tactile stimulation) were applied at the same level. The overall experiment was carried out in different lighting conditions and sound attenuated rooms. Several repetitions of the experiments were done on the participants.  The data was later collected and analyzed using the SPSS statistical software in terms of the sum of squares.

A lot of research has been done on this topic of psychology. Emotional influences are a key aspect of consideration for much psychological research.  This is why the researchers in this study were influenced by the professional gap that existed regarding the knowledge needed in this field of psychology. The existing knowledge already shows a significant positive input of this research into the field of psychology (Heidig, Müller  & Reichelt, 2015).  The study of the influence of emotions has been directed to different aspects such as learning memory, academic memory, and brain activity, decision making and empirical connection of emotion and music. (Tyng et. al, 2017) & (Thompson & Quinto, 2011).  Many researchers have found out that emotions have a significant impact on various aspects that regard everyday life. This is why the study on the perception of loudness as being influenced by emotions has also brought a lot of insights into many areas where this phenomenon is common. These include clubs, music concerts, recreational facilities using music systems and many more. The main goal has been to breach the gap that exists between many common environments and people’s emotional responses to them. The research took place was at the University of California. There is a significant impact that was felt by the context of the research. It was hence considered valid and relevant to the researchers and the whole team.

Section 1 - Explain an Issue

It is important to note that there could have been many factors that led to the research of the influence of emotions. The researchers found out that there was notable both groups of individuals experienced higher EDA when they heard the CS+ compared to CS-. This proves the validity of the hypothesis that tactile stimulation aroused emotionally on its own and that there was a success in altering the emotion associated with auditory stimuli. Most people exhibit wild emotional responses to certain aspects of the society (Ruvalcaba-Romero, et.al, 2017). There are different environments in which emotional influence can be high. These environments include unstable emotional state, critical thinking and other inactive states of the human brain such as sleep, lucid dreaming, and hallucinations. The hypothesis that the research carried out was testing is the influence of perception by emotions. It was assumed that the rate of voice transmission was constant in all the participants so that their impact depends on their hearing capabilities. The level of noise made was also assumed to be of the same range and intensity so that it was tested according to the tools that were used. Since the environment did not have specific common factors, it was assumed that most of the factors that would affect sound transmission and emotional control and influence. The assumptions that were made concerning the research participants was that they would find it uncomfortable to consistently listen to loudness.  The undertakers of this research also assumed that there were many ways in which research would profit the academic fields. They also assumed that the available knowledge was enough to give foundational guidelines and directions on emotional influence. It was also assumed that giving the research participants consent of what they would be involved in and compensating they would be an added advantage to the research study.  In such an extensive and complex experiment, the main assumption is that all unknown factors in the experiments do not have negligible effects on the overall results of the research. In the use of emotional influence as an important factor in this research, it is was assumed that all the research participants and had a positive response to emotional reactions due to any of the experiment activities they were involved in during the research.  The assumptions made during the analysis of data by the use of ANOVA is that all the measurements were true and that all degrees of freedom existed within the boundaries of statistical principles of data analysis

Section 2 - Relevance of Context

Section 4 (Understand Implications and Make Conclusions)

The results of this study have acknowledged the hypothesis that Perception of loudness influenced by emotion. The participants in the research were divided into two groups. Although the induced effects were done on both groups, there was a differing reception on both sides. This shows that the induced effects that contained emotional stimuli were more audible and perceived compared to the ones that did not have an emotional stimulus. During the study, it was further proved that apart from the perception of loudness being influenced by emotion, it was also proved that perception of loudness was influenced by the type of emotion and the meaning it had.  The study was mainly focused on investigating whether a negative emotion could influence judgments related to the loudness of sounds. An auditory stimulus paired with an aversive experience was used as a variable. Meaningless auditory stimuli were also used. The predictions were to have conditioning changing the emotional reactions to sounds. The emotionally arousing conditioning stimuli proved the influence of emotion on perception. After analysis, there was found a correlation between loudness judgments with EDA responses.  In mental health, these findings could be used in the therapeutic treatment of mental cases through the manipulation of their emotions.  In American schools, this knowledge could be used in psychology to understand the different emotional states of students and the influence on their lives.

Part 2 - Section 1 (Build Self-Awareness)

The topics of emotional response to me are very important of interest because it relates to the important aspects of psychology that define personality and emotional intelligence.  This topic is universally effective for every individual because it relates to everyday life.  For instance, if emotions can influence the perception of any environmental entity, then they can influence personal life. It is also closely related to emotional intelligence (Stein & Book, 2011). There are diverse approaches related to emotional response to activities, people, environment, values, and society at large. In classroom and learning activities, the emotional response is an important aspect because it helps one learn how to become socially accepted. I believe that emotional response is an important part of being human and it is embedded in human psychology (Arnold & Boggs, 2015).  I like being emotionally intelligent because it helps in dealing with people understanding their emotions and relating them to myself. This helps me to be real in regard to connecting the world me. There is a need to be accommodating when interacting with different people especially in a learning environment where there are different types of people.  Many professionals in the field of human psychology have given hypothesis in regard to the influence of emotions as well as emotional response (Lerner, Valdesolo & Kassam, 2015).   Females are considered to be more emotionally intelligent than men. However, despite one’s gender, emotional intelligence is always possible to improve on. The average emotionally intelligence person is 90-100, with the excellent one at 160. I consider emotional intelligence a very important aspect of social relationships. Hence, I’m in the same category as the gender that always performs exceptionally in emotional intelligence, response, and control (Arnold & Boggs, 2015).

Section 3 - Identify Assumptions

Part 2 - Section 2 (Examine Perspectives)

I will examine the aspects of culture and emotional control.  My efforts will be geared towards finding the different cultures that exist and how they deal with emotional control.  I have traveled to different countries and this has given me the privilege to learn about different cultures and a number of ways that people express their emotions (Ritzer & Stepnisky, 2017). Personal experience has given me the opportunity to learn the essence of emotional control especially after interacting with people who were wild in their emotional reaction. It is important to note that response differs from reaction (Levi, Dezalay & Amiraslani, 2017). In response, the action is governed by awareness of self and regulation of the environment, in reaction, there lacks a conscious decision in regard to the action. In the United States, many people appear to be emotional intelligence especially the in the cities. People display a sense of empathy and consideration of other people’s emotional intelligence (Parrott, 2016). Emotional control is significantly good in most people in the United States. However, people in the Middle East generally have a wild attitude and emotionally eruption. The American culture and the Arab culture have a wide gap. Emotional control, intelligence, and emotional response are areas of concern in the two cultures. The cultural gap is the reason for those two wide perspectives regarding emotions. Exposure to different environments and settings have a way of defining people’s view and perspectives regarding different things (Lerner, Valdesolo & Kassam, 2015).  Cultures are as a result of continuous lifestyles that eventually define the essence of life in people.  This virtue of essence of life becomes a point of defining all the other aspects that exist in people’s personalities. This is why interacting with a native cultural setting in America will be very distinguishable from an Arab culture. The same applies to perspectives that define emotional reaction and control as well as the definition

Part 2 - Section 3 (Address Diversity)

I would like to address the issues that are related to culture and emotional response and how these affect the military sector.  I retrieved this information from the articles address the issues of military culture and warfare. These are a very fundamental area of study. Military culture is a lifestyle that has faced different challenges related to emotional intelligence breaches and emotional response and control (Robinson, 2017).  The military of any nation is tasked with the noble task of vigilance and high level of stress and pressure in relation to their area of work. Military personnel has a culture in which admission of weakness is far from the world of the military. The subject of emotional intelligence is very important and relates well to the military.  The military has a cultural setting that is very outright and well ordered. Many religious groups are organized in structures of leadership (Horgan, 2008). They hold different beliefs and principles that define the important aspects of life. Power has a direct influence on any military organization. Religious groups also use power as a weapon to propagate any mandate that they hold.  In the military, power defines the capacity to command many people and the ability to influence people’s lives through authority. Religious groups are influenced by the strength of the power they have. Individuals in both groups become self-aware and strongly based on the principles that define them. When people are empowered by the authority that makes an impact in their lives, they become established in their worldview and embrace it as a culture that survives all pressure and influence.

References

Arnold, E. C., & Boggs, K. U. (2015). Interpersonal Relationships-E-Book: Professional Communication Skills for Nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Asutay, E., & Västfjäll, D. (2012). Perception of loudness is influenced by emotion. PloS one, 7(6), e38660. 

Heidig, S., Müller, J., & Reichelt, M. (2015). Emotional design in multimedia learning: Differentiation on relevant design features and their effects on emotions and learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 44, 81-95.

Horgan, J. (2008). From profiles to pathways and roots to routes: Perspectives from psychology on radicalization into terrorism. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 618(1), 80-94.

Lerner, J. S., Li, Y., Valdesolo, P., & Kassam, K. S. (2015). Emotion and decision making. Annual review of psychology, 66.

Levi, R., Dezalay, S., & Amiraslani, M. (2017). Prosecutorial strategies and opening statements: justifying international prosecutions from the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg through to the International Criminal Court. Comparative: Journal for Global History and Comparative Social Science, 26, 58-72.

Parrott, W. G. (2016). Psychological Perspectives on Emotion in Groups. In Passions, Sympathy and Print Culture (pp. 20-44). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

Redmond, S. A., Wilcox, S. L., Campbell, S., Kim, A., Finney, K., Barr, K., & Hassan, A. M. (2015). A brief introduction to the military workplace culture. Work, 50(1), 9-20.

Ritzer, G., & Stepnisky, J. (2017). Contemporary sociological theory and its classical roots: The basics. SAGE Publications.

Robinson, L. (2017). Experiences of military culture and identity (Doctoral dissertation, University of Warwick).

Ruvalcaba-Romero, N. A., Fernández-Berrocal, P., Salazar-Estrada, J. G., & Gallegos-Guajardo, J. (2017). Positive emotions, self-esteem, interpersonal relationships and social support as mediators between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. Journal of Behavior, Health & Social Issues, 9(1), 1-6.

Stein, S. J., & Book, H. E. (2011). The EQ Edge: Emotional intelligence and your success. John Wiley & Sons.

Thompson, W. F., & Quinto, L. (2011). Music and emotion: Psychological considerations. The aesthetic mind: Philosophy and psychology, 357-375.

Tyng, C. M., Amin, H. U., Saad, M. N., & Malik, A. S. (2017). The influences of emotion on learning and memory. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1454.