Research Preparation Of Electric Vehicle

Discuss about the Research Preparation of Electric Vehicle.

 

Transportation through electrification system with plug-in electric vehicles has the potential to reduce vehicle dependencies on oil and the risks associated in the production process and use. Being used electricity as a fuel has also benefits for the average customers, as it is costs effective than gasoline. The fact suggests that price of the electricity are less volatile than the value of the gasoline. For example, the residential electricity reduced .1% in real terms while the price of the gasoline increased by 75 percent in real terms[1]. To meet increasing fuel availability and emissions legislation, the global automotive industry has currently undergoing drastic changes in vehicles and the design of engine. This research paper mainly concentrates the current literature on electric vehicle. Furthermore, the research will explore the problem of  EV adoption rates have fallen short of initial goals despite of getting a huge supports form the governments in most of the countries due to fundamental costs involvements[2]. The research will also highlight the integration process of diesel-engine technology into the configuration of hybrid electric vehicle which is the potential way to comply with emission legislation and the “fuel economy” but still in the under process scenario. Thus the aim of the research is to evaluate the condition of the conversion process of the diesel-engine technology to hybrid electric vehicle.

Research hypothesis:

H₀: No environmental benefits will be provided by the implementation of the electric vehicles

H₁: Lesser carbon footprints and pollution friendly atmosphere can be achieved by the use of electric vehicle

Methodology is the research framework where different tools and techniques will be used for getting the ultimate research outcomes[3]. In this research, the “quantitative research” method will be used for getting more information about the technology costs enhancements and carbon emission in results of using electric vehicles. In other words, the use of quantitative analysis and the statistical approach would be ideal for analyzing the system of progression of the electric vehicle in the automobile industry. Generally, there are several options are available to gather the research information regarding the installation of public charging infrastructure about the electric vehicle such as “interviews”, “surveys”, market research papers. Bys searching different themes and patterns, the researcher will identify more knowledge about the environmental sustainability by the use of electric vehicles.

Several research purposes are available for conducting this research such as “exploratory research purpose”, “descriptive research purpose” and “explanatory research purpose”. Getting contribution from several current journals, the research will be adopted the “exploratory research method”.  This initial research will be conducted based on the hypothetical data and relevant information about the three electric propulsion systems: “battery electric vehicles”, “plug-in-hybrid electric vehicles”, and “hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles”[4]. The “exploratory research method” will be quite relevant because it would give more information about the costs breakdowns of different electric vehicles available in the society. By this research method, the researcher has made the ground work that will help automobile manufacturers to lead the future implementation process of the diesel-engine technology to hybrid electric vehicle[5]. In this context, the “secondary data research” has been applied for getting information more about the fuel economy and emissions legislation.

To assess the ability to integrate an advanced “engine simulation software output” and an HEV simulation to predict of engine transformation from diesel-engine technology to hybrid electric vehicle, the vehicle performance will be assessed by the help of conducting t-test. In this research the t-test statistical method will be applied for testing proposed hypothesis of the research. By this statistical method, the researcher will get to know whether the null hypothesis is accepted or rejected. In this way, this research will get the ultimate statistical results. This is quite suitable data analysis approach for conducting the statistical analysis. This results of the data analysis is relevant for getting information about the application of fuel cell and batteries in HFCEVs, BEVs, and PHEVs using the” bottom up costs approach”[6]. All these information are suitable for automotive manufacturer in the global world. On the other hand, the “secondary research” will also relevant for assessing the cost associated in the electric vehicle implementation process. By assessing the greenhouse gas emissions and energy demand for electricity and conventional vehicles in the next step of the research, the researcher will reach the research outcome. 

The Government of the various countries is working to provide a greater focus in the transport sector reduce the overall carbon emissions. It has been further observed that the electric vehicles were introduced in the year 1838. However, the larger share of the electric vehicles is seen in the recent times. The highest share of electric vehicles demand is seen in the European countries. Then two types of the electric vehicles has seen in the implementation of BEV, which are purely battery operated cars and PHEV cars which are plug in hybrid electric vehicles[7]. 

The primary source of the research is based on the quantitative analysis, which aims to addresses the hypothesis testing based on t-test. In the given case it has been observed that the P value is considered as 0.05 as per the rule of the t-test. It has been further observed that the null hypothesis of the research is rejected, which shows that the study conducted will be able to provide a greater amount of benefit to the environment. It has been further observed that the PHEV types of the vehicles are observed to have higher energy requirement. The result also shows that the electric vehicles will be able to provide more amount of provision for the improvement in lowering of the carbon footprints[8].

The secondary sources from the journals and the relevant books have been able to provide the necessary details about the cost of impact in the overall implementation process of the entire strategy used in the research process. It has been further observed that the initial cost of the implementation will be on the higher side. The current procedures for the reduction in the cost component have been seen from the implementation of the technologies ranging from the developments in the Li-ion batteries which is expected to dramatically reduce the implementation cost. The electric batteries are composed of the different types of the electrochemical cells. It has been further observed that the initial cist is estimates to € 2000 per KWH. As per the cost breakdown analysis it has been further observed that the cost breakdown shows that the BEV type of the electric vehicle is shown be more cost efficient than PHEV types. It has been further observed that that the two choice of the electric vehicles chosen for the research that is BEV and PHEV types of then vehicles act as the two major choices in the research study. It can be further said that the two choices are inversely proportional, to each other. One types of vehicle (BEV) focuses on the lower implementation cost and lower performance, while the introduction of the PHEV cars will be expensive but provide much better efficiency in terms of the reduction in carbon footprints. It can be further said then the choice between the two variants is completely left to the users of the technology[9]. 

It can be concluded by saying that the overall research study is intended to produce energy efficient vehicles which will aim towards a more sustainable future, it can  be  said the various types of the  implementation process of the vehicles will be  able to ensure a lower amount of the carbon  footprints in  the environment. It can be further said that the implementation of BEV variant types of vehicles will web able to ensure a cost effective technology and will be further able to ensure a cost effective strategy. On the other hand, the introduction of the PHEV types of the vehicles will be more suitable in the implementation when the efficiency is needed in more amounts; by the keeping the implementation cost is considerably high.

Al-Alawi, Baha M., and Thomas H. Bradley. "Total cost of ownership, payback, and consumer preference modeling of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles." Applied Energy 103 (2013): 488-506.

Ashtari, Ali, et al. "PEV charging profile prediction and analysis based on vehicle usage data." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 3.1 (2012): 341-350.

Barré, Anthony, et al. "Statistical analysis for understanding and predicting battery degradations in real-life electric vehicle use." Journal of Power Sources 245 (2014): 846-856.

Franke, Thomas, and Josef F. Krems. "What drives range preferences in electric vehicle users?." Transport Policy 30 (2013): 56-62.

Hilshey, Alexander D., et al. "Estimating the impact of electric vehicle smart charging on distribution transformer aging." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 4.2 (2013): 905-913.

Mackey, Alison, and Susan M. Gass. Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge, 2015.

Nguyen, Duong Tung, and Long Bao Le. "Joint optimization of electric vehicle and home energy scheduling considering user comfort preference."IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 5.1 (2014): 188-199.

Pregger, T. and Schmid, S., 2013. Integration of electric vehicles into the future energy supply system.

Theicct.org. (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_LitRvw_EV-tech-costs_201607.pdf[Accessed 14 Oct. 2016].