Introduction
The name of the selected Tourism detitanation region (TDR) in Bali. The Bali tourism destination region is located to the east part of the Java Island. It is approximated as 5.632 km2. The area is about 0.3 percent of the landmass of Indonesia (Wiranatha, Antara, & Suryawardani, 2017). The region has got two volcanoes; the mountain of Batur and Agung. The last time for these mountains to erupt was in the year 1963. Bali is as well prone to Tsunami due to possession of shallow beaches. However, in the catastrophic that happened in the year 2004, the Sumatra and the Java islands shielded it. This particular Bali Island is commonly known for its beauty, for instance, its beaches and the terraces' rice within the regions of Ubud.
Historical Development of Bali Tourism Destination Region
The first individuals arrived in Indonesia many years back approximated as 40000 years ago. This was the time when the level of the sea was low and was joined to Asia by the natural bridge of land. In the beginning, these people were farmers and made tools from the stones. In the first 700 B.C, the People began to make the tools from the Bronze. Around 400BC Indonesia began to trade with other states like India and China. The Buddhism and the Hinduism were as well introduced to Indonesia later.
Tourism at Bali can be traced from the colonization of Indonesia by the Dutch. The Dutch sailors became so much interested in the prosperity of Bali Island such that they were not ready to go back with captain Cornelius Houtman. During those days, there was a high demand for the spices in Europe hence the Portuguese seized the Moluccas that was the primary source of the spices. After the return of the captain, the Dutch people were no more interested in the culture and the art of Balinese but making the profit by exploiting them. The Portuguese arrived in Indonesia around the 16th Century. Later they were overpowered by the Dutch who then defeated India as well and around 1799 the government of Dutch to it as its territory. The Dutch went to war with some states winning until it got full freedom of exploiting the Indonesians. In the year 1830, the cultural system was introduced by the Dutch. The exploitation of the Indonesian went on until the 20th century when the Dutch decided to treat the people of Indonesia fairly. This fair treatment overwhelms building the schools and spending more money to improve the health, irrigation, and sanitation. It was during this era when tourism developed in Indonesia (Kusno,2014).
The tourism at Bali was started in the year 1920 by the Dutch when the cultural attraction centers were first discovered. The culture overwhelmed complicated, active systems of irrigation and agricultural rice farms that exist up to date (Sutawa, 2012). Bali's developmental history is not well known for the few first centuries, although many of the Hindu's Artifacts indicated a link with Buddhism region and back to the early centuries. The beginning of Bali as a tourist site, therefore, has a very long story to tell. The history has greatly influenced the development of tourism at Bali. The critical thing that has made Bali an island known for the tourism is not only based on the presence of the beaches, natural charms, and the mountains. But the worth of the aesthetic, Hinduism culture, the flexibility of its nature and the Balinese's tolerance (Karmini,2016).
. The division of Bali into a smaller kingdom gave the Dutch the opportunity to colonize the which led to the development of war by individuals of Bali who succeeded in tarnishing the reputation of the Dutch people. This made the Dutch people change their tactics. Instead of force exploitation, they exposed the island to the international traders making the beginning of tourism in Bali (Chin, Haddock-Fraser, & Hampton, 2017).
Environmental conditions of Bali DR
The ecological conditions of the Bali tourist destination region shall be addressed in into economic situation, the demographic and social conditions and the transportation conditions. The Bali DR economic condition is dependent on the tourism whose decrease at one time led to a substantial economic crisis within the business sectors like the handcrafts hence reducing the income of the families. The current economy of the Bali is emerging thus requires a very long-term and flexible approach (Rahmawati & Lubczynski, 2017).
The region is mostly dominated by the medium and small businesses like handcrafts, agriculture, restaurants, hotels, and mining. These businesses, therefore, require more attention from the donors and government to ensure their survival. The donors and the government should, therefore, focus on the restructuring of the debts and enable these small business enterprises to access the new markets. Access to the market is the primary economic crisis facing these sectors (Rahayu, 2016).
Secondly, the social and demographic condition of Bali is constituted by the minority homes of Hindu in the country of Indonesia. A census conducted in the year 2010 showed that Bali had a population of about 3.89 million people though it has grown up to 4.2 million today. The more significant percentage of this population is made up of young individuals. Approximately, 83.5 percentage of Bali's population is Hinduism, and the rest is the Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism. The region is a habitat of a considerable number of the expatriates who's about 30000 of them residing within the Island. The common language is the Indonesian and the Balinese; however, the official language is Indonesian. The more significant number of the individuals living on Bali is made up of about 90 percent Balinese. (Fagertun, 2017).
One of the best ways in which one can access Bali easily is through hiring a car and the driver. It's the best option since it provides an individual with the freedom to roam within the country comfortably. Another option that any tourist can consider is the bike, but one has to encounter chaotic traffic. The third option is by use of the boats though not allowed around the Bali region. Most of the tourist and other travelers prefer using the aircraft accessible through the international airport of Ngurah Rai located in between the Jimbaran and Kutas. Some hotels within the country provide the transportation services at a fee as well (Weaver & Lawton, 2014).
Visitor Attractions and Experiences
The trip to Bali Island could be exciting overwhelmed by nature, arts, culture, and s. The Bali tourist destination region looks like it possesses a pulling element at its heart. This is one of the feelings that one cannot be able to comprehend easily unless through experiences. When you visit the place for the first time, you surely would wish to go back or remain there for the rest of your life ( Higham & Carr, 2003).
Bali is one of the islands deliberately located within the circumstances of tropical. Regarding topography, the island is constituted of the lake, valley, level ranges, mountain, the very incredible shoreline of shining white sand and the warm seawater that is of blue. The island, therefore, is specifically commonly known within the turns and the statement regarding the high tourist attraction site. This region is highly honored by a wide range of investment spots, different societies, and very amicable people. Bali has got very many investments spots that are scattered throughout the regimes or the districts (Akda & Öter,2011).
The culture of Bali islands' people comprised of arts and religion. The region was well identified with gods, the infinite number of temples or the heaven Islands and other names associated with other individuals who have ever visited Bali. For instance, the mother temple and Pura Agung and sacred mountains. The arts were the interwoven linked to the extraordinary form of Hinduism worship also known as the Hindu Dharma (Siagian,2014).
References
Akda, G., & Öter, Z. (2011). Assessment of world tourism from a geographical perspective and a comparative view of leading destinations in the market. In Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.05.126
Chin, W. L., Haddock-Fraser, J., & Hampton, M. P. (2017). Destination competitiveness: evidence from Bali. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2015.1111315
Fagertun, A. (2017). Labour in Paradise: Gender, Class and Social Mobility in the Informal Tourism Economy of Urban Bali, Indonesia. Journal of Development Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1184248
Higham, J. E. S., & Carr, A. M. (2003). Sustainable wildlife tourism in new zealand: An analysis of visitor experiences. Human Dimensions of Wildlife. https://doi.org/10.1080/10871200390180127
Karmini, N. W. (2016). Berwisata Budaya di Pura Desa Batuan: Menggugah Kesadaran Multikulturalisme. Journal of Bali Studies, 6(2), 247-260.
Kusno, A. (2014). Behind the postcolonial: Architecture, urban space and political cultures in Indonesia. Routledge.
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781136365096
Rahayu, T. P. (2016). The Determinants of Happiness in Indonesia. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n2p393
Rahmawati, N., & Lubczynski, M. W. (2017). Validation of satellite daily rainfall estimates in complex terrain of Bali Island, Indonesia. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2290-7
Siagian, B. I. S. (2014). The framing of an Indonesian leader: The Jakarta Post and the Jakarta floods: a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in Communication Management at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation, Massey University). https://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/6374
Sutawa, G. K. (2012). Issues on Bali Tourism Development and Community Empowerment to Support Sustainable Tourism Development. Procedia Economics and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(12)00356-5
Weaver, D. B., & Lawton, L. (2014). Tourism management. Wiley.
Wiranatha, A. S., Antara, M., & Suryawardani, I. G. A. O. (2017). Impact of tourism leakage on the growth of economic sectors, employment and income distribution in Bali, Indonesia. International Journal of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-624X(17)30062-X
