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Exploring Theories of Leadership and Community Participation

Questions:
Question 1
  1. An understanding of different theories of leadership g. trait, distributed, charismaticand how these ideas are different (Bolden 2004 is a good source for this)
  2. An understanding of how community leadership has been thought about in community settings (Onyx & Leonard 2011, Kirk & Shutte 2004 are good sources)
  3. Examples/ case studies of leadership in Community settings. This can cover quite a broad range of settings. You can find examples within Civil Society, or Public Sector, local activism, campaigning/social movements (check with me if you’re unsure). Good cases in the reading include those in the Onyx &Leonard article or others we’ve looked at e.g. Preston’s ‘guerrilla localism’.
  4. Link practice and theory.
  5. Bringing all these different ideas and examples together into a conclusion. You could summarise some success factors of community leadership identified in the main body of the text- or summarise whatever your main points are.
Question 2
  1. Define and explore the concept of Participation through one or more of the readings
  2. You might provide some context as to why Community Participation has become so embedded in policy in the last few decades. You can address the wider political issues here.
  3. Pick your example/s. You have a choice here. You could either focus on a range of participation programmes from the New Labour Government (1997-2010) or from the Coalition and Conservative Government’s Big Society agenda (2010 onwards). Or you could focus on a couple of specific initiatives e.g. National Citizen Service, Neighbourhood Planning
  4. Address the question of what would constitute ‘tangible improvements’ or success. You could use Arnstein’s ladder, or Demos’ three ideas of empowerment, or Wilson’s three ideas of empowerment, or how Foot defines it (hers is the essay quote).
  5. One possible twist or shift in the argument could be that these examples are all ‘top-down development’ and community participation is most effective when it emerges from within communities themselves- for example look at all the community aid groups springing up to help the vulnerable during this coronavirus pandemic.
  6. You could conclude by considering the wider implications of your analysis- when and in what ways do tangible improvements happen through community participation? Is the concept/implementation of Community Participation itself a problem? Is this a question of ideology?
Question 3
  1. As the quote comes from Blond’s article, you could set the context of this statement in his wider argument and to other broadly communitarian voices.
  2. Communitarianism seems the obvious theory to provide this context but Social Capital and Civil Society may also link. You could also, if wanting to make this a political essay, include some of the politicians’ rhetoric we’ve looked at.
  3. You might here critically analyse some of the ideas behind Blond and other communitarians- is their ideal of community nostalgic, or would it mean loss of freedom (Bauman) or is communitarianism forgetting the negative or dark side of community? Taylor (2011) is good for this.
  4. The question encourages an ‘empirical’ response. That is, agreement or disagreement with the statement based on evidence/data or examples. You have a choice here. You can either look at the evidence about levels of say, volunteering, donating money, voting, or you could point to specific projects, programmes or initiatives that seem to accord with or dispute Blond’s statement. For example, look at all the community aid groups springing up to help the vulnerable during the coronavirus pandemic, or other aspects of a community/civil society response to the pandemic.
  5. Make sure your conclusion relates back to the essay question. In your view, Is Blond’s statement valid? Why yes or no (or both- you can say, ‘to some degree’, ‘to an extent’. Are there aspects you agree with, and some that you don’t agree with? What would be a more appropriate summary of community life in the UK?

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