Define participle

A particle is mainly formed by the help of verb and makes modification in either noun or noun phrases. In most of the cases, the particle ends up with –ed or –ing. In most of the cases, participle ends like an adjective.

For example:

Verb: to run.
Participle: running.
Sentence: He is running a machine.

In the above example of participle, the verb is mainly used is ‘to run’. ‘Running’ becomes the participle which is used as an adjective for describing ‘machine.’

Different Types of Participles and usage with the help of examples.

Present Participles

Present participles are mainly formed by the initiation of verb. Addition of “-ing” will result in infinite form which will result in creation of present participle. This type of participle is mainly used for forming objective and creating verb of given verb tense. 

For example:

Adjectives
Jumping dog.

Verb Tenses
I was thinking about you.

Most of the verb which comes up with short vowel will need some extra amount of consonant like running.

Past Participle

Past participle is mainly formed by the help of past tense of a verb. Most of the past tense of the verb ends up with –ed. Past participle is generally used for forming adjective and creation of verb tense.

Past tense: broke
Past participle: Broken

Perfect Participles

Perfect participles are generally formed by the help of infinite form of a verb which is achieved by the addition of “ing”. In general cases, perfect participants being by the help of “having” followed by past participle. Perfect participles are mainly needed for explaining the action that has already come into picture.

For example

Past participle: learned
Perfect participle: having learned.

Function of Participles

Both present and past participles are mainly used for creation of forms of verbs. There are mainly forms of verb which can be either perfect or progressive sentence.

Examples

I was eating. (past progressive)
I have been eating. (past perfect progressive)
I will be eating in next five minutes. (Future perfect progressive).

Past like Adjective

Both present and past participle can be used as an adjective so that it can modify all the nouns. Participle makes use of the kind of question like “what kind” which is about noun.

Participle Phrases Vs Gerunds

Participle will make use of “-ing” in the end which look similar to gerund. In short gerund aim to function like a noun that will participle or not.

Verb: to swim
Present participle: swimming
Gerund: swimming.

Example of present participle in use:

Swimming pool is mainly heated at the beginning of summer days.
Swimming works like an adjective need for modifying “pool.”
Example of present participle in use:

Swimming pool is the best sport for me.

Here “swimming” works like a function of noun and subject for the sentence.
In the end, the point can be concluded that participle is like a form of verb which can function on independent platform like adjective.