Corporate Finance Assignment Help

Corporate Finance

Corporate finance is one of the fields of finance that deals with the function of the corporation regarding funding sources, capital structuring, accounting and investment decision. Corporate finance focuses on maximizing shareholder value through long- and short-term financial planning along with implementing various strategies. Apart from capital investment, corporate finance is also concerned with monitoring cash flows, accounting, preparing financial statements and taxation. The departments of corporate finance department deal with governing the financial activities and capital investment decisions. Also, the financial department manages assets and liabilities and as well involves in inventory management.

Importance of corporate Finance

The importance of corporate finance are as follows –

Helps in decision making 

The majority of the important decisions of businesses are determined based on the fund’s availability. It is difficult to perform any business function without finance and thus decision in business needs to be taken with a view on the impact of profitability.

Raising capital for a project

Capital is the most important factor in business and business firms raise capital from shares, debentures, bonds and by taking loans from the banks.

Research and Development –

It needs to be undertaken for the growth and expansion of the business. Precise technical work is important for the execution of the projects. This is a lengthy process and research work need a continuous flow of funds and thus require continuous financial support.

The smooth running of the business

A smooth flow of finance is required for various functions such as paying salaries of the employees, paying loans, purchasing raw material, promotional activities to carry out all the organisational functions efficiently and achieve organisational success.

Promoting Expansion and diversification

 Corporate finance provides monetary help to the companies to purchase mechanical machinery and assets for expansion and diversification of business.

Managing risk

A company needs to manage multiple risks which include loss of shares, loss in sales, natural calamities and man-made events such as strikes and events. To prevent these risks, the company need monetary assistance which is why corporate finance is important.  

Types of Corporate Finance

Short-term Corporate Finance

Short term corporate financing refers to the financing of the business from short term sources which are for less than a year and the same help the company in generating cash for working of the business and for operating expenses which is usually for a smaller amount and it includes generating cash through online loans, line of credit and invoice financing. Types of short-term financing include trade credit, working capital loans, invoice discounting, factoring and business line of credit.

Long-term corporate finance

Long-term corporate finance includes financing by loan or borrowing for a longer-term which includes more than a year by issuing equity shares, through debt financing, through long term loans, bonds or lease and is done regarding big projects financing and expansion of the company and such long term corporate financing generally consist of high amounts. The sources of long term financing include equity capital, preference capital, debentures, term loans and retained earnings.

Fundamental Rules of Corporate Finance

The Fundamental Rules of corporate finance include –

The Investment Principle

According to the principle, funds raised by the firm needs to be invested to obtain maximum ROI. Also, it is important for investing at the minimum hurdle rate. The hurdle rate describes the equity and debt of the project. As a matter of fact, the hurdle rate is higher for riskier projects. The market is highly competitive recently and thus companies expect to earn more revenue and profits. During the project assessment before investment, the financial team needs to consider the side cost and side benefits respectively.

The Financing Principle

The principle states that the ratio of debts and equity should be chosen to maximise the value of an investment and should match with the nature of assets.  A financing mix is very important for running an economic activity that includes debt and equity. During the process, the finance manager does the analysis for reaching the optimum level. The process includes determining short term and long term investments to maximise the revenue cost ratio.

The Dividend Principle

Every organisation wants to expand itself to the maximum potential but reaches a saturation point where cash flow is more than the required fund and due to this, the owners start looking for an alternative source to balance the monetary flow of capital required for investment. In the majority of the cases, the dividends, stocks and other assets of the owner are used as compensation. The principle is about choosing the most effective asset of all.

Scope of Corporate Finance

The Scope of Corporate Finance are as follows -  

Estimating Financial Requirements

According to the scope of corporate finance, management creates a financial year plan and forecasts the financial plan for the future. Finance is necessary when considering the purchase of assets and working capital etc. An essential factor includes estimating financial requirements like repayment time, cost, liquidity and others.

Deciding Capital Structure

It refers to a firm’s finances for general operations, research and development and makes use of various sources of funds. Financial debts appear in the form o bond issues or long-term bonds. Whereas equity is classified as the preferred stock or common stock.

Choosing the Source of Finance

One of the essential factors to be considered while selecting a source of finance is the risk that is associated with the source of finance, cost, long term vs short term borrowing, control and management dilution and flexibility.

Selecting the pattern of investment

Factors used for choosing investments as a scope of corporate finance are like choosing the proper assets, stocks and bonds, figuring out timelines, project profitability, intrinsic value, momentum and others.

Proper cash management

Cash management is one of the diverse areas of financing which involves the collection, planning, handling and cash usage. They consist of evaluating liquidity, assets and cash flow. The main objective of cash management is to regulate the cash balances or the cash liquidity rather than investing in inventories or fixed assets to avoid the risk of insolvency.

Efficient Usage of Surplus

Surplus refers to the amount of resource which exceeds the section that is used. A surplus can be used to describe multiple assets and income, profits and goods and capital. The surplus frequently occurs in the financial budgets and is related to the demand and supply needs of the organisation.