Volcanoes

Volcanoes come in different shapes and sizes: There are many different types of volcanoes, such as shield volcanoes, cinder cone volcanoes, and stratovolcanoes. The size of a volcano can also vary greatly, with some being just a few meters tall and others reaching heights of over 8,000 meters.

Volcanoes can be active, dormant, or extinct: Volcanoes can be classified based on their level of activity. An active volcano is one that is currently erupting or showing signs of potential eruption, such as frequent earthquakes or the release of volcanic gases. A dormant volcano is one that has not erupted in recent history but may still be capable of doing so in the future. An extinct volcano is one that is unlikely to ever erupt again.

Lava flows: When a volcano erupts, it can release molten rock, or lava, which can flow down the sides of the volcano, destroying everything in its path. Lava flows can bury homes, infrastructure, and crops, causing significant damage to property and livelihoods.

Ash clouds: Volcanic eruptions can also release large amounts of ash into the atmosphere, which can be carried great distances by the wind. Ash clouds can cause damage to buildings, clog engines and electrical equipment, and cause respiratory problems for people and animals.

Pyroclastic flows: Pyroclastic flows are fast-moving clouds of hot ash, gas, and rock that can travel down the sides of a volcano at speeds of up to 700 km/h (430 mph). These flows can be extremely deadly, as they can reach temperatures of up to 1,000 degrees Celsius (1,800 degrees Fahrenheit) and can bury everything in their path.