The concept of the value chain was first derived by Michael Porter to categorize significant features of a business. To understand the flow of activities helping the firms to enjoy a competitive advantage, marketers came up with an idea. It emphasized the chain of value-creating activities allowing the firms to organize effectively. This method helps you to get a clear picture regarding the challenges faced by any firm to sustain in the competitive environment. It comprises of unbeatable prices, exceptional products, and customer loyalty programs for the businesses to evolve continuously. Here you will learn how this method benefits businesses over their competitors.
A value chain includes an extensive range of activities influencing the growth of a firm. Some of these activities include design, production, marketing, and distribution, attracting a product or service from conception to delivery. For a goods-producing company, the value chain begins with the raw materials used to manufacture the products. This includes all the ingredients added before the product is sold to consumers. So, it is imperative for marketers to organize these activities efficiently and effectively analyze them. This technique is dedicated to establishing enhanced communication between each stage, ensuring the delivery of the product in consumers hands.
In simple words, it is an interlinked value-adding activity contributing to the competitive advantage by converting inputs into outputs. A value chain comprises of following components:
Inbound distribution or logistics
Manufacturing operations
Outbound distribution or logistics
Marketing and selling
After-sales service
Purchasing or procurement
Research and development
Human resource development
Corporate infrastructure
It is capable of benefitting the complete supply chains and distribution networks working for the development of a business.
It delivers a mixture of products and services to the end consumers mobilizing various economic factors with a single value chain.
This helps to establish coordinated interactions among local value chains producing an extended value of the chain locally and globally.
It incorporates a value system including the value of chains of a firm's supplier, the firm itself, distribution channels, and buyers.
This method has contributed significantly to the petrochemical industry and used in the maintenance of large plants.
The chain created educates the firm on how to plan work and finally work execution allowing the firm to lean their approaches.
It offers a compelling alternative analyzing private or public firms in a case of lack of data from direct competition.
A value chain offers an insight into e-commerce and m-commerce, directing the flow of activities involved in business-to-business consumer markets.
A value chain is an economical technique comprising of primary and secondary activities. Primary activities take part in the manufacturing and allocation of goods and services in various segments of an economy. Value is added through this process as per the consumer's will to pay for the final product rather than its ingredients.
Primary Activity: There are five major primary activities considered crucial, comprising the value chain of a business. It emphasizes the term of inbound logistics dealing with the arrival of raw materials in any production. Operations are considered to be the actual production process; on the other hand, outbound logistics keep a record of the movement of finished goods.
Secondary Activity: These activities do not take part directly into the evolution of a product but, provide significant support for primary operations. The best way to analyze this is to examine a firm's infrastructure and its organization led by executives. This helps you to achieve profound results depending on the organization and leadership.
Advantages |
Disadvantages |
A flexible strategic tool for looking at your business and competitors within an industry. |
It becomes quite challenging to adapt to a particular business situation. |
Used to diagnose and create competitive advantages on both cost and differentiation. |
The scale and scope of value chain analysis can be intimidating. |
Highlights the challenges faced by an organization including the commitments made regarding the customer value. |
Only a few people are experts in regarding the use of value chain analysis. |
It allows you to compare your business model with your competitors allowing you to realize your strength and weaknesses. |
The concept of value chain is simple to use but difficult to understand. |
It can be adapted by either big or small businesses including manufacturing, retail or service. |
Business information systems are not quite well structured to acquire relevant information for value chain analysis. |
To get a better understanding of the technique of value chains, you can refer to the following real-world examples:
Starbucks Corporation: Starbucks is a leading firm displaying one of the most successful practices of a successful organization by implementing value chain. Numerous theories are supporting the technique of Starbucks to incorporate the value chain into its business model.
Trader Joe's: Another significant example is Trader Joe's grocery store, which has managed to gain significant popularity concerning its tremendous value. Also, the competitive edge allows the privately held company to gain advantages of its numerous aspects regarding its strategies.
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