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Phase Transition

The concept of phase transition represents the changes occurs from one phase to another. It defines the characteristics of abrupt changes in the properties due to changes in temperature. It could be changes from state of solid to liquid or gas and from there to another different state.  Therefore, it can be defined as the physical processes of the transition that is between multiple values of the parameters. It can be understood by considering the phase of a thermodynamic system that will include the states o matter having the uniform physical properties. During any phase of transition of any medium, it is essential to understand the certain properties of medium change that will help in improving the result of change through the external conditions. Some of the examples include pressure, or temperature as the external condition that results in phase transition of the current medium of phase.

Temperature is considered as the key element that will be consider as the change the phase of any substance. For instance, putting the water in freezer will change into ice, and adding the heat will result in liquid state from solid-state. Heat providing till melting point and its continuously going beyond the melting point will result in changes of solid substance to melt from ice and becomes a liquid.

Therefore, it has been understood that the melting point and boiling point are considered as the key element that will help in changes within the properties and imposing the changes in the substances.

Pressure is the second key element of phase transition that will help in defining the changes in the phase of the substance. One of the fine examples is usage of piston within the fitted container.  The piston compressing the gas that will condense in the phase of liquid. The continual press of piston will increase the pressure until melting point and liquid freezes into the phase of solid. Henceforth, it is the example of isothermal process where the constant factor is temperature and only pressure is changing continuously.

Types of Phase Transition

The most common types of phase transition are solid, liquid and gas. The fourth and rare type of phase transition is plasma. The first solid type is easier to understand that holds and take certain shape and it is not considered as compressed into notable degree. Liquid the second type of phase transitions takes the form of container and are uncompressible as the form of solid. The liquid form is free to move around however, it is connected through hydrogen bonding. Therefore, it moves freely with certain level of viscosity. The gas form is completely different with no intermolecular forces that will keep them together. It can expand as well as compress freely comparing with other solids and liquids. Plasma is considered as the fourth type, which is technically a gaseous state that has been ionized. Hence, it will have a net electronic charge.

One of the familiar examples is the behaviour of water as it exists in different states of phase transitions. Ice in solid state, water itself is a liquid, and steam of water becomes the phase of gas. Figure 3 represents different phases of water molecules.

Phase Transition in Chemistry

Phase transition is often considered similar to the chemical reactions that are associated with the continual enthalpy change. There are different phases of matter that includes solid, liquid, and gas, the phase transition includes condensation, freezing as well as deposition. Therefore, in Chemistry, phase transition is the overall process of enthalpy of the system. Figure 4 is the pictorial representation of the overall process of phase transition is affected by the pressure and temperature. The figure represents both the axis that includes the factors like pressure and temperature that would have impact on the overall conditions of the substance that transform in multiple phases. All the processes within the phase transition are reversible and every single phase would be able transfer among them differently. It is important to understand that there could be two phases coexisting in the single container at same time. It is mostly found during the process of transition from one phase to another. For instance, the example of ice melting, it represents the two-phase state. There is an existing of both solid water as well as liquid water within the cup.

Importance of Phase Transition

The phase transition is considered as the important element to understand the impact of temperature and pressure on the substance of matters. It represents the understand the dependent changes on the intermolecular forces that are continuously acting on the atoms and molecules of the substances. It is also important area of concepts in physics. It is the connecting phase towards the smoothness properties that will allow as well as develop the shift to focus from various phases themselves. It is considered as the abrupt change in one or more than one physical properties. Hence, to understand the continual changes, the concept of phase transition is important.

Number of Phase Transitions

Figure 5 represents the number of phase transition within the concept of chemistry. The common number of phase transition are as follows:

• Melting: It is the stage that includes the overall transition that occurs from the solid states to the liquid states or phase.
• Freezing: The transition that occurs from the phase of liquid to phase of solid.
• Evaporating: It is considered as transferring into the gas phase from the liquid phase.
• Condensing: It is considered as transforming into the liquid phase from the phase of gas.
• Sublimination: The transition from the phase of solid into the phase of the gas.
• Deposition: It is the stage that includes the overall transition occurring from the phase of gas into phase of solid.
• Recombination: It is the process that includes the positive ions of a plasma capture that will focus on the free energetic electronics. It is also known as the heat-releasing reaction.
• Ionization: When the gas transit into the phase of plasma.

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