Polytheistic Assignment Help : Origin

Polytheism

Polytheism is the belief in the worship of many gods. You can derive the meaning from the word itself: ‘Poly’ meaning ‘many’ and ‘theism,’ which comes from the Greek word ‘theos’ or ‘theoi,’ meaning ‘God’.

Before the widespread prevalence of Christianity that propagated the belief in one god, polytheism was the popular form of faith in many ancient religions. In polytheism, you do not have the concept of the one true god as you do in the Bible.

In polytheism, you have Gods who represent the elements of the earth, such as the Sun, Water, Air, Land, and various other aspects of the natural world. For example, Apollo is the Sun God in Greek mythology while Dionysius is the God of Vine, Fertility and Wine-making.

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The Origin of Polytheism

Experts have debated for many years to establish the origin of polytheism. From the ancient records that humanity has discovered, you can find many instances to prove that polytheism or idolatry was the first and most ancient kind of belief. However, pinpointing one source for it will be challenging because polytheism was prevalent in different parts of the world.

As early as the Bronze Age, human beings feared natural disasters and began to pray to the winds, the rivers, the fire and the earth to spare them of their wrath. Many sociologists consider this to be the starting point of polytheism. The Egyptians worshipped the power of the sun and the moon, calling them Osiris and Isis, respectively. The first inhabitant of Greece worshipped no one but the sun, moon and stars. At first, the Persians confined themselves to the worship of the sun and the moon. However, they later began to worship fire, water, earth and the winds.

You’ll find it interesting to note that polytheism was closely followed by idolatry in many civilisations as people wanted to give a form to these natural elements they were worshipping.

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The Main Belief of Polytheism

The central belief of polytheism has its roots in the faith that there is more than one god who governs over the earth. The people also believed in many demonic and supernatural forces.

Typically, in polytheism, you’ll notice that some religions maintained a hierarchy among the Gods. For example, certain phases of Hinduism believed in the existence of the Supreme Creator of the universe. The ancient people also tended to identify many Gods as a part of the Supreme Being. In Greek mythology, you have the god of the Sky Zeus, who the ancients considered to be at the head of the Greek gods.

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Modern Polytheistic World Religions

Even if the polytheistic belief originated in ancient times, many religions worldwide still follow this faith. The most notable among these are Taoism, Shintoism and Santeria. There is a debate among scholars even today whether Hinduism can be considered polytheistic or not. Some believe Hinduism follows a polytheistic belief. Others think it to be closer to henotheistic and pantheistic.

Taoism began in China more than 2000 years ago and is considered one of the most prominent religions before China became a communist country. The religion worshipped the Three Purities, who were the highest of the Gods. These were the Jade Pure One, the Supreme Pure One and the Grand Pure One.

The indigenous faith of the Japanese people is known as Shinto. Even in the 21st century, it is Japan’s major religion. Ancient Shinto was polytheistic as people found god in nature, outstanding men and ideas like growth, judgement and creation.

Another polytheistic religion is Santeria which is practised in Cuba. The people here believe in beings called Orishas who have their distinct personalities and strengths and weaknesses.

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Different Types Of Polytheism

Polytheism does not restrict itself in one single kind. Due to its widespread practice in ancient civilisations, polytheism has attained many forms.

The Greco-Roman polytheism

You’ll find many similarities in the religions of the ancient civilisations of Greece and Rome. This is because the Greek culture influenced the Romans a lot. For this reason, you’ll find Roman counterparts of the Greek gods and goddesses. Zeus became Jupiter, Poseidon became Neptune, and so on. This pagan belief system took damage due to the widespread conversion into monotheistic Christianity.

Northern European polytheism

If you look at Germanic, Scandinavian, Celtic and Slavic mythologies, you’ll notice some patterns. The major Scandinavian gods were Odin, Thor and Freyr. The lack of written records makes it difficult for sociologists to provide a detailed account of the Celtic gods. However, Cernunnos, the stag-headed god, was a significant part of the civilisation. The Celtic people also worshipped water in all forms.

Egyptian polytheism

You’ll find many detailed writings on the Egyptian gods and goddesses in many accounts. The most powerful god was Ra, the Sun God and Nut, the sky goddess. Through hieroglyphics, historians have been able to unearth the complex polytheistic society surrounding the Egyptians.

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Does Buddhism Count As Polytheist?

Even though Buddhism does not believe in one Divine Being who rules over everyone, it is not genuinely polytheistic. Many scholars consider Buddhism to fall under trans-polytheism, which believes in the existence of many gods but sees Nirvana as the ultimate reality. Buddhism believes in Dharma or the Universal Truth and Karma, which trusts that all good and bad actions have their appropriate results.

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