Which Statement Best Describes an O3 Molecule?

A) An O3 molecule consists of three oxygen atoms bonded covalently.

B) An O3 molecule consists of two oxygen atoms bonded covalently.

C) An O3 molecule consists of one oxygen atom bonded covalently.

D) An O3 molecule consists of four oxygen atoms bonded covalently.

Correct Answer: A) An O3 molecule consists of three oxygen atoms bonded covalently.

Explanation:

Ozone (O3) is a triatomic molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms bonded covalently. This means that each oxygen atom shares its outermost electrons with the other two oxygen atoms to form three covalent bonds, resulting in a stable molecule.

Ozone is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent odor. It is formed naturally in the Earth's atmosphere when sunlight interacts with oxygen molecules (O2), causing them to break apart and recombine as O3. Ozone is also created through human activities such as industrial processes and emissions from vehicles and other sources.

The formation of ozone is essential to life on Earth because it acts as a shield against harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. However, when ozone is present in high concentrations in the lower atmosphere, it can be harmful to human health and the environment. It can cause respiratory problems, damage crops, and contribute to the formation of smog.

Ozone is a highly reactive molecule that can react with other chemicals and compounds in the atmosphere. It is an important part of the Earth's atmosphere, existing in two distinct layers: the stratosphere and the troposphere. The stratospheric ozone layer, which is located approximately 10-50 kilometers above the Earth's surface, protects the planet from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. In contrast, the tropospheric ozone layer, which is located closer to the Earth's surface, is considered a harmful pollutant and a major component of smog.

Ozone is important for the survival of life on Earth, but it can also have negative impacts on human health and the environment. Exposure to high levels of ozone can cause respiratory problems such as coughing, throat irritation, and shortness of breath. It can also trigger asthma attacks and other respiratory illnesses. Ozone can damage crops and other vegetation, affecting food production and the health of ecosystems.

Ozone depletion in the stratosphere is a major environmental concern. The use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances in refrigeration, air conditioning, and aerosol sprays led to the destruction of the ozone layer, which allowed more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface. This increased the risk of skin cancer, cataracts, and other health problems. The Montreal Protocol, an international agreement signed in 1987, has been successful in reducing the production and use of ozone-depleting substances.

In summary, ozone is a triatomic molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms bonded covalently. It is essential for life on Earth, but can also have negative impacts on human health and the environment. Understanding the properties and behavior of ozone is important in protecting the planet and ensuring a sustainable future.