Grasp The Basics Of Thematic Analysis

When you're working on analysing qualitative data, there are seven ways you can go about the task. These methods include:

• Qualitative content analysis
• Narrative analysis
• Discourse analysis
• Thematic analysis
• Grounded theory
• Interpretive phenomenological analysis

Out of all these, thematic analysis focuses on analysing and interpreting the themes in any qualitative data. It is a popular method in many disciplines as it has a variety of applications and addresses many research questions.

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What Is Thematic Analysis?

Thematic analysis is a popular qualitative data analysing method. You have to carefully read through data such as interview transcripts or survey results and identify common themes and issues like repeating ideas, patterns and topics.

You can consider thematic analysis to be an umbrella term containing all the different sets of approaches you can take to identify the common themes and patterns in any data. This method allows you plenty of flexibility in coming to your interpretations from the data. It will enable you to sort through a wide variety of data by clubbing them under broad themes.

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How To Do Thematic Analysis?

A thematic analysis requires you to interpret and analyse the qualitative data to identify common and recurring patterns in them. You'll have to follow six steps if you want to conduct your research properly:

• Data familiarisation
• Creating initial codes
• Separate the codes under the themes
• Revise and review the themes
• Defining the themes
• Writing the narrative

Let's look into the details of each step one-by-one to have a better understanding of how to do a thematic analysis.

1. Data familiarisation

You'll come across different formats of data for thematic analysis. These can include audio files which you have to transcribe, interviews, social media profiles and surveys. Therefore, you must go through the entire data to familiarise yourself with any recurring themes or patterns that catch your eye. Know about cultural capital.

2. Creating initial codes

Once you read through your data a few times, you can move on to creating initial codes that will represent different sections with the same meanings and patterns you observed while reading. You can quickly jot down the extracts that fall under each code.

3. Separating the codes under the themes

After creating your codes, you can categorise them under the broad themes that you observed. It would be best to check if you can organise them into further sub-themes and how the codes relate to each other under a single theme. Acquisition play important role.

4. Revise and review the themes

Once you have categorised your themes, you need to check the data to provide enough evidence to support each theme. If you find that there is not enough data to back up your claims, consider removing them. In this step, you can also club together issues that are similar to each other.

5. Defining the themes

Once you have made your final decision about each thematic category, it's time to define each one by giving them a name. This step will help you identify each section of the data with its corresponding theme and better understand it.

6. Writing the narrative

In any thematic analysis, it is not enough to paraphrase your observations. You need to analyse the data and come to your conclusions. It would be best to use specific quotes from the writing to help validate your points to the readers. Know about psychodynamic theory.

There is a high chance that you can get stuck into the habit of describing your data instead of showing concrete analysis of your observations. Try to avoid this as much as possible by carefully following all the six steps in thematic analysis.

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Thematic Content Analysis

A thematic content analysis (TCA) deals with giving the readers a descriptive analysis of qualitative data. This type of analysis applies to textural data such as survey results and interview transcripts. Get allocative efficiency assignment help.

Researchers use thematic content analysis to portray the thematic content of texts by objectively analysing the common themes. By doing this, it becomes easier to categorise the different communal voices under specific broad categories broadly. Even though this kind of analysis requires personal interpretation, you should always be careful not to let your subjective thoughts influence the research.

Braun And Clarke Thematic Analysis

In 2006, researchers Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke published an article titled Qualitative Research in Psychology. They defined thematic analysis as – "A method for identifying, analysing, and reporting patterns within data."

According to Braun and Clarke, thematic analysis is a fundamental method of analysis that can be of immense help to novice researchers who are unfamiliar with the more complex forms of qualitative analysis. This method provides you with a lot of flexibility due to its compatibility with all theories. You should have good leadership styles.

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Thematic Analysis Example

When analysing interview transcripts of several 20 years old first-generation learners, an interviewer covered various topics. These included how they felt about being the first one in their family to reach college, what hardships they have had to face and how it affected their relationships with their friends and family.

After going through the data thoroughly, the interviewer could identify the following codes:

• Independence
• Improvement in studies
• Changing relationship with friends
• Changing relationship with family
• Changing identities
• Power and control
• Changing perspectives
• Gaining confidence
• Feelings of achievement
• Feelings of being trapped

When observing more individual interviews, the interviewer found many other codes that they could broadly classify under significant themes.

Under the theme of change, the codes were:

• Power and control
• Independence
• Changing relationship with family
• Gaining confidence

Under the theme of aspirations, the codes were:

• Better job opportunities
• Gain higher qualifications

In the following steps, the interviewer sorted out different sections of the transcripts under each code and theme and wrote down his observations, adding in a few quotes to substantiate his claims.

Thematic Analysis In Qualitative Research

Thematic analysis is one of the popular qualitative data analysis methods that you can use to find a thematic pattern in the data.

Unlike other qualitative data analysis methods, thematic analysis is not tied to a particular epistemological or theoretical perspective. As a result, it offers novice researchers a much broader scope of interpretation and flexibility.

It would be best if you didn't offer a simple summarisation of the data. An excellent thematic analysis should interpret the data and make sense of it. The themes you observe should address the research or answer some overarching issue.

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