The Treaty of Versailles Assignment Help

What Is The Treaty of Versailles and How Did It Impact Germany?

The Treaty of Versailles was the peace document signed by Germany and the Allied and associated powers. It was the main Treaty brought forth by the Paris Peace Conference at the end of World War I. As per the Treaty, some German territories were placed under international supervision while other German territories were given to neighbouring countries. Germany has to give up its overseas colonies and was forced to pay war reparations to the Allied countries. All in all, the Treaty of Versailles had a deep political impact on Germany and the entire world.

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When Was The Treaty of Versailles Signed?

The Treaty of Versailles was signed in the Hall of Mirrors. It was signed in the Palace of Versailles, France, on 28^th June 1919. The Treaty became effective as of January 1920. The Allied and associated powers along with Germany signed this Treaty which also led to the creation of the League of Nations.

• The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand had tipped Europe into the world war. The Treaty of Versailles was signed exactly five years after this incident.
• Woodrow Wilson, the US President, delivered a speech in January 1918 where he discussed his vision for the postwar world.
• He talked about fourteen points (that later constituted the Treaty of Versailles) and called for an immediate end to the war. The fourteen points also highlighted the establishment of an international peacekeeping organisation, the explicit disavowal of war, the independence of colonial territories, etc.

The Fourteen Points brought forth by Wilson played an integral role in shaping the postwar world. It is also held responsible for the spreading of democracy and peace throughout the world. Also know about allied powers.

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What Did The Treaty Of Versailles Do?

In simpler words, the Treaty of Versailles outlined the conditions for peace between the victorious Allies (The United States, the United Kingdom, Austria-Hungary, France) and Germany. It officially ended five years of conflict or the Great World War I. The "war guilt" clause of this Treaty made Germany and the Central Powers take all the blame for World War I.

The terms of the Versailles Treaty are:

• Leaders of the victorious Western nations like Wilson of the US, Georges Clemenceau of France, David Lloyd George of Great Britain and Italy's Vittorio Orlando governed the peace negotiations in Paris.
• The defeated powers like Germany, Bulgaria, Turkey and Austria-Hungary weren’t represented at the conference, including Russia.
• Each leader had a different motive with the Treaty of Versailles. For instance, Lloyd George prioritised the rebuilding of Germany to re-establish the nation as a powerful trading partner for Great Britain. Similarly, Clemenceau wanted to protect France from any further attack by Germany. Thus, he asked for heavy reparations from Germany to restrict its economic recovery after the way and minimising its possibility of attacking France.
• Finally, the European Allies imposed peace terms on German, thereby making it surrender 10% of its territory and all overseas possessions.
• Other provisions of the Treaty of Versailles demanded occupation and demilitarisation of the Rhineland.
• It also restricted the army and navy of Germany and forbade it to maintain or govern an air force.
• The Treaty of Versailles also compelled Germany to conduct war crime trials against leaders such as Kaiser Wilhelm II for their aggression. According to Article 231 in the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was forced to accept the entire responsibility for triggering and starting World War I. The Article also stated that Germany had to pay enormous reparations for the war losses of the Allied.

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How Did The Treaty of Versailles Affect Germany?

The main aim of the Treaty of Versailles was to impose harsh terms on Germany, thereby maintaining peace all around the world. However, the same harsh terms indicated that peace would not last long because Germans were furious about the Treaty. According to Germans, the Treaty was nothing but dictated peace. They resented when the sole blame of war was placed at their feet. The burden of reparations went above 132 billion gold Reichsmarks, which is the equivalent to almost $33 billion.

Impact of the Treaty on the common citizens of Germany:

• Nobody in Germany was happy with the Treaty of Versailles, especially after the Allies threatened them with military invasion, so that they sign the Treaty.
• Germans struggled, fought and sacrificed during the four years of war. And it made them mad when the Treaty forced Germans to take all the responsibility for the war and territorial losses.
• The Treaty also slowed down the postwar recovery of Germany. Slow and poor economic growth along with dissatisfaction among Germans made it difficult for the new Weimar Republic to control the growing number of complaints.
• The governments defaulted payments in 1923. That made France and Belgium go mad, and they ended up occupying the Ruhr mining region. The German government had to print more currency to pay the French, who sent Germans into hyperinflation (wiped out the savings of the middle class.)

Far-right parties in Germany used the Versailles Treaty as an excuse or a reason to resist and reject German democracy and the Weimar Republic. Even Adolf Hitler frequently rallied against the Treaty and promised to reverse the Treaty's terms if elected as the leader of Germany. In fact, the Versailles Treaty was one of the reasons why most radical political parties gained power in Germany.

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