Interest rates impact various stakeholders and sectors of an economy in multiple ways. Even when you procure a car loan or a credit card, interest (otherwise known as extras charged on the borrowed or expensed amount) occurs.
The determining factors of interest rates include – inflation levels, the economy, and the monetary policies of the Federal Reserve. And they are levied by Central banks that aim to upkeep interest rates in the respective market.
Studies also indicate Federal Reserve Bank has recently begun ratcheting up short-term interest rates primarily due to the influence of high rates of interest on the existing economy.
Let us now address the most pressing question.
The rate of interest often impacts borrowing costs, decisions regarding business investment, and consumer behavior.
Increased rates of interest also prompt individuals to lessen their expenses. With borrowing becoming costly, individuals aren't willing to spend much, thus causing a descend in demand for services and products.
The resulting incline in demand hinders positive economic growth. And if left unchecked, it may give rise to a recession.
However, the opposite is also possible. With low-interest rates, individuals will borrow and spend on products and services, thus causing a spike in demand and upward economic growth.
Businesses often borrow money to finance investments and scale projects. However, with increased interest rates, the borrowing expenses for businesses result in reduced investment and expansion prospects.
Such diminution of investments causes long-term effects on the economy. It slows down (even stagnates) employment and wage prospects.
Contrariwise, with a low-interest rate, businesses can invest in profits previously deemed unlucrative. And that results in appreciative economic growth and profit yields.
Interest rates also have the power to influence a nation's currency. High-interest rates lure in more potential international investors seeking better investment returns.
Resultantly, the nation's currency demand and its value rise. A rise in currency value results in more costly exports, thus causing a dip in export demand and a decline in economic flourishment.
Vice versa, a low-interest rate daunts international investors and causes a decrease in the nation's currency demand and value. And that leads to more competitive exports and positive economic evolution.
Interest rates also influence the housing market. If the interest rate is high, it spikes borrowing costs for potential home buyers, thus resulting in a dip in housing demand.
The decreasing demand can cause a dip in housing costs and have a negative effect on the economy's real estate and construction industry.
Au Contraire, if the interests are low, it motivates potential home buyers to participate in the real estate and housing market.
With more participation, the housing demand and price will surge, thus impacting the real estate and construction industry positively. And all these will inevitably lead to better economic advancement.
Inflation denotes the cost of services and goods that increase with time. However, such inflation is directly influenced by interest rates. A high-interest rate can regulate inflation and reduce the circulating money, thus making borrowing and expensing money too costly. Resultantly, the economy will witness a fall in demand and deflation.
Contrariwise, a low-interest rate stimulates inflation, increases circulating money, and makes it affordable to borrow and expense cash. Thus, the economy witnesses a rise in demand and an appreciative increase in prices and inflation.
It's no secret that rate of interest has a direct influence on people's savings. With a low-interest rate, people cannot save as much as they want. And that is because they can't earn much from their savings.
Consequently, they get fewer rewards and investment returns. Furthermore, it becomes an issue for individuals trying to churn up a sizeable down payment for a house or retirement.
Alternatively, with a high-interest rate, people earn more and can save more. Moreover, get more rewards for their investment returns. Plus, they get more scope to save money for household purposes, their loan down payment, and inevitable retirement plans.
So, as you can see how interest rates influence the economy, consumers must prepare themselves financially to tackle and safeguard against its rise and fall. To prepare, they must save money, make sound financial decisions and attain financial stability in the event of economic turmoil.
Moreover, consumers must also understand how interest rates work and what they could mean. With proper knowledge and preparedness, one can stay ahead and be immune to interest rate fluctuations.
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