Stress is a feeling of physical or emotional tension that develops in an individual. Stress arises due to thoughts or any event which results in the feeling of anger, nervousness and/ or frustration. The body reacts to any challenge or demand by generating stress. Short bursts of stress can be positive such as stress to meet set deadlines or to avoid some danger, however apart from that stress can negatively affect a person’s physical as well as mental health and decrease their overall quality of life. It is therefore important to take measures to manage stress (Yaribeygi et al. 2017).
Stress management includes a wide- spectrum of techniques and strategies that help to control stress levels of a person. It also includes psychotherapy options. The purpose of stress management is to improve everyday functioning of individuals. Stress management ensures that a happy and a successful life is maintained in a modern society. Life is associated with a number of demands that are often difficult to handle. Stress management ensures that anxiety is managed and overall well- being is achieved (Yaribeygi et al. 2017).
Stress is associated with a number of physical symptoms. These includes pain, aches, chest pain, racing of the heart, difficulty in sleeping and exhaustion, dizziness, headaches, chills, tension of the muscle, clenching of jaws, problems related to digestion and stomach issues, increased blood pressure and difficulty in performing sexually. Other symptoms include mental and/ or emotional symptoms such as panic attacks, irritability, anxiety, and sadness (Yaribeygi et al. 2017).
Stress is of two main types: acute stress and chronic stress. Acute stress results when symptoms develop due to one particular stressful event. In this type of stress the symptoms develop quickly but also last only for a short period of time. Acute stress usually develops due to an unexpected crisis in life which results in severe life events. Examples of events that lead to acute stress include argument with loved ones, receiving criticism, or theft at home (Bryant 2017). Chronic stress, on the other hand is a constant and a prolonged feeling of stress which negatively impacts health if untreated. It is a result of traumatic situations, work, and/ or everyday pressure of life. Examples include diseases, disorders, abuse, loss of loved ones or loss of job. Acute stress is usually good stress and works in our favor but chronic stress is bad stress that works against us (Yao et al. 2019).
There are a number of stress management techniques. These include the following:
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