Physiological Process and Laboratory Haematology Techniques Analysis

1.Demonstrate the following knowledge and understanding  

Demonstrate understanding of fundamental physiological processes and homeostasis, and apply knowledge of laboratory haematology techniques to analyse health and disease

2.Demonstrate the following skills and abilities

 Apply knowledge of various physiological and haematological laboratory techniques to the assessment of human health and disease and/or blood transfusion

What am I required to do in this assignment?

You will be provided with information for two practical sessions:

1.In the first session measurements of blood pressure will be done by using a sphygmomanometer and an electronic blood pressure meter

2.In the second session measurements of lung capacity will be performed by using a Peak flow meter and a Spirometer

You will submit a portfolio of two reports that answer the questions set out in this brief about the two experimental studies. These questions require you to source appropriate information from the scientific literature, analyse the set of data you will receive in a separate document, draw conclusions, and relate them to human physiology.

What do I need to do to pass? (Threshold Expectations from UIF)

In order to pass this assignment you will need to:

 Produce a scientific report according to expectations described in the assignment brief.

 Demonstrate understanding of relevant laboratory physiological techniques and their clinical importance in the practical and/or report

 Show knowledge of physiological systems and homeostasis

How do I produce high quality work that merits a good grade?

You are asked to hand in a portfolio containing 2 reports of 1,000 words each; one for Blood Pressure and one for Lung Function. Each report should be clearly labelled with the appropriate heading. Within each report you must fully answer the questions set below (Blood pressure Q1-6 and Lung capacity Q7-12). Make sure that you number your answers clearly with the question number. In addition, the portfolio should include a list of references. Ensure that you carefully follow the instructions in this document, and use the data you have been provided with, to prepare your reports.

Blood pressure practical (Q1-6 approx. 1000 words excluding legends and references)

Questions to be answered in your report

1.Discuss the role of arterial blood pressure in human physiology, the importance of measuring it and the main factors influencing it.

2.Calculate the mean ± standard deviation for the Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) measured by the sphygmomanometer and the electronic blood pressure meter. Use statistical analysis to compare SBP and DBP measured by the two different types of equipment. Discuss the role of standard deviation in reflecting repeatability of the measurement.

3.Did blood pressure and pulse rate change when you changed your body positions? Give appropriate physiological explanations accounting for these effects.  

4.How did exercise influence blood pressure? What is the explanation for this?

5.Use the group data collected and relevant statistical analysis to find out if there is correlation between Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Body Mass Index (BMI). Present MAP and BMI in a scatter plot. Discuss your findings.

6.Has the caffeinated beverage affected the MAP of the study group? Provide a physiological explanation of the observed findings.  

Lung capacity practical (Q7-12 approx 1000 words, excluding legends and references)

Questions to be answered in your report

7.Discuss the gas exchange taking place during external and internal respiration. Compare the events associated with quiet and forceful breathing.

8.Explain the purpose of measuring Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) rate and use statistical analysis to compare your PEF measured by peak flow meter and spirometer.

9.How did PEF change in the four different body positions? Provide physiological explanations for the observed findings.

10.Use statistical analysis to compare Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) in short and tall subjects of your study group. Present your data in a bar chart. Explain physiologically the potential differences of the two groups.

11.Calculate your minute ventilation at rest and after exercising. Describe the physiological background of the observed changes.

12.Which exercise group (light or moderate) showed the greatest change in oxygen saturation level from resting level? Explain your observations. How long did it take for each group to return to resting oxygen saturation levels? Discuss the events associated with post-exercise oxygen consumption.