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Archaeology should be part of the education or the national curricula of any country. Not only in the school children, but by all the general public the process of archaeology and its elements all need to be known. The research stated that the in-depth information related to archaeology is almost absent from the formal education system. In the other words it is stated that in the subject of History the term archaeology is only mentioned (Börjesson and Huvila, 2018). It is seen that primary school students need to know different archaeological themes like Ancient Egypt, The Vikings, The Picts and the Romans in Britain, because it can give knowledge about people's origin (Shipley, 2015). Different kinds of evidence are considered in museums or historical sites but the theoretical knowledge can give effective support to the practical sense.
However, this essay will demonstrate the essentiality of the subject archaeology as the part of the school education along with the process through which the part of the archaeology can be combined with the existing educational resources. Moreover, different kinds of benefits, authenticity and the challenges to be considered the subject as the school formal subject is also stated here.
Archaeology should be the distinct and separate subject in school
Archaeology is considered as the subject which is able to state about the scientific study over the fragile and non-renewable material of the past activities. Generally, archaeologists consider under water and land for the recovering process of the evidence for the reconstruction of the technology, culture and behaviour of people or any society (Archeology.uark.edu, 2021). Therefore, research states that the adaptation of culture and behaviour by people, change of those elements, different circumstances and natural environments all can be researched through this subject. The shared human heritage and modern people's perspective over their places and time in history can be acknowledged from this subject.
According to the research over the school students' requirements it can be stated that they should travel back in time to learn different valuable information about the settlement of people which existed in the world centuries ago. Moreover, students should understand different religions, cultures and the development of people's adaptation to know the ancient civilisation investigation process (Archeology.uark.edu, 2021). Therefore, it can be stated that it not only gives the information related to people, it gives information related to the daily usage materials, their origins, reformation and place of belonging. However, it can be stated that it is related to everyday life. Students can learn about the process of life in the past for average people, the process of evaluation and the approach of the multicultural perspective of the past. However, studying the past information can give knowledge of examining the consequences of human behaviour (Lapintie et al., 2017).
The process of combining archaeology concepts as the educational resources
Educational higher authorities need to consider some innovation processes and strategies through which they are able to combine the subject archaeology with the existing subjects. Before combining with the existing subjects, it is known to the teachers that archaeology is one of the effective teaching tools which states about the multidisciplinary process. Therefore, the activities of the combination must be focused over the holistic approaches. It can be part of the combination of history (Archeology.uark.edu, 2021).
The teaching process needs to consider the critical thinking process, problem solving approach and the culture of citizenship to enhance the process of the study. The approach of study must be on a small group basis or the cooperative learning process. Therefore, students need to be focused on cultural awareness and sensitivity as the learning outcomes. Usually, the combination of the subject can be the subdivision of Anthropology. The Classic archaeology draws knowledge about different kinds of disciples like biology, geography, mathematics and engineering.
This guidance should be provided by trained individuals. In the classroom, the research over archaeology can give enhancement to the students in the context of cultural appreciation. The students also need to be aware of the fragility of archaeology (Archeology.uark.edu, 2021). Therefore, students need to know the subject through the scientific process protected by the country laws. However, exploring the resources and information must be the adventure of the students who are able to provide effective opportunities and the information.
The potential of archaeological news media resources as the educational resources
There exists a significant potential of the archaeological news media as an educational resource in the context of teaching school children about the past information along with its consumption in the present. The previous statement is valid because the mass media is able to develop imagery of archaeology through the consideration of the application and replications in different forms. The usage of computers and the internet can give a huge scope to expand the reach of children towards the media. Therefore, they are able to collect different information about the site preservation of the archaeological process. The consideration of the scrutiny over dominant progressivists of newspapers is able to consider commercial media to represent the information.
There exist different newspapers which try to represent different archaeological news stories with proper evidence and information about new places and discoveries by archaeologists. Among them three of the evidences are stated below:
Future benefits and the potential dangers in terms of archaeological education
The future benefits of the research and education about archaeology can be able to state scientific information about the development of civilization. Moreover, the process and technologies which are used to investigate the information are also a part of the beneficial effects. The activities and the arrangements of research, advanced technology in this industry or subject research can be learned from the study materials. On the other hand, the consideration of different precautions and safety measurements must be adopted during the research process (Douglass et al., 2019). Otherwise, dangerous accidents can happen because all the buildings or materials represented here are old. Therefore, there exist huge possibilities of sudden accidents.
Authenticity of Archaeology elements with examples
The concept based on “authenticity” within the inclusion and application of the archaeology based educational materials would help in stating the relevant facts that are assessed by the archaeologists. Authenticity and its relatable practices can be included and defined as the most important aspect that helps in specifying the heritage action in case of conservation of the historical buildings and documents (Wood, 2020). Acquiring the most effective and important information about the cultural heritage sites and their condition is very much problematic because a large series of stakeholders and statistical facts are associated with the historical site. Archaeology is a concept and subject could be regarded as a form of science and got established in the renaissance age that helped it to flourish by the inclusion of well-defined technological concepts and methods being devised in a proper way. According to tom Dieck and Jung (2017), considering the period of the western cultural history, the effective features and policies of history can be identified as genuine sources that would help to address the beneficial aspects of historical and cultural heritage that has to be preserved.
The tangibility linked to archaeology and the successive strata of data forming process served as the proof that helped to design the authentic elements in establishing the archaeology related aspects and tasks in the society. The concept and the relevant ideas of authenticity have to be included and the relevant strategies can be explained to help in exploring the most significant features and historical data of the epic historical events that occurred in the society. The replicas that are designed in the history linked to the well-defined artefacts and idols also can establish their authenticity and relevance in the social circle by referring to the carbon dating process being used to gather their source and existence features. For instance, the authentic features of data can be related to the historical aspects that are included under the Indus Valley Civilisation which was a historical event of the Bronze Age. The Indus valley civilisation has different proofs of authenticity as has been found out by the archaeologists in the different geographical regions that fell under the Indus valley civilisation (Parikh and Petrie 2019).
The period of history that fell under the Indus Valley Civilisation refers to the duration between 3300 BCE and 1300 BCE and its later period from 2600 BCE till 1900 BCE (Guo, 2019). The regions covered the states and districts of the South East Asia. The states of Gujarat and Rajasthan was also covered under the Indus valley civilisation. As proofs of archaeology and authenticity of the historical information was established by identifying the different buildings and establishments of the time from different areas of North West India such as from various areas of Rajasthan and Gujarat. A dockyard at Lothal was found during the Indus Valley period that gives proof of the authenticity of the information that trade was conducted during the historic period. The unearthing of famous places such as Great Bath at Mohenjo-Daro and the statue of a Dancing Girl in Bronze also bore the specimen of the fact that the different people of the Indus Valley Civilisation were fond of art and culture (Ghosh et al. 2020).
Ancient based civilisation also included the Egyptian civilisation that was a historical event belonging to another period of history. The Egyptian civilisation and its authenticity was also established as the different qualified archaeologists helped in unearthing the relevant historical features that are included under the civilisation. The Pyramids of Giza and the Egyptian Mummy that were found in Egypt bore the proofs of the period and reflected upon the social and cultural features of the period (Khater, 2017). The Egyptian gods and goddesses represented different animals of the society that was quite symbolic and was a proof of the historic and cultural features of the community that lived in the society. The different historical features could be unearthed and the basic steps could be adopted for making sure that the perfect tasks could be executed and the relevant goals could be achieved. Lastly, the example of Pompeii as a city also could be addressed as the archaeologists could excavate and found the important historic city that was located on top of a hilly peak of Mount Vesuvius in Italy.
Challenges, rewards and risks posed to the archaeological research being conducted
Different challenges exist for conducting the archaeological research and the rewards and risks are also encountered by the framing and application of the archaeological methods and steps that are effectively designed and incorporated by the researcher. Sometimes, the archaeologists face the challenges of acquiring effective information about the specific historical site or place whose information would help them to conduct the tasks with proficiency. The different archaeologists who possess the desired competence and talent needs to devise the effective plans by acquiring the systematic information from the society from among the local individuals who exist in the social circle. The community based support is required by the archaeologists to unearth the mystery elements linked to history in various places and states. Sometimes, the government authorities and the regulatory bodies linked to archaeological sites and activities need to apply and incorporate the laws that prove to be important for carrying out the historical research that is efficient and important (Kulik, 2007).
The processing of the cultural information and the facts about the various settlements helps the different historical features and activities to be explored in a systematic way within the social circle. The site that has to be excavated is aligned with the flora and the animal life of the place alongside the inclusion of cultural and economic condition of the individual living in that place. The specific region has its own features that help in unearthing the wide range of necessary historic concepts that are helpful and essential. The historic artefacts and the different historic figures also help in establishing the well-designed idols that are helpful to develop ideas about history in the society (Parezo and Nichols 2018). Sometimes, the local people do not divulge the basic information about the historic sites and the sites that need to be excavated by designing the relevant strategies which are useful and help in achievement of the goals.
The different archaeological surveys such as aerial surveys and Lidar surveys along with the topographical surveys are designed and included for demonstrating and analysing the relevant features of history that are effectively applied in the society. In some places that are to be excavated, the infrastructural frame work that supports a specific type of survey remains absent and that affects the proper data collection which is important to establish the significance of the data related to history being searched. The rewards associated with archaeological excavation of a site is that it helps to explore the wide range of important tasks and features that are related to finding out the brand new historic elements and feature (Shipley, 2015).
Application of archaeology to develop common educational goals
According to Peeples (2019), the practising of archaeology as a subject includes diverse steps and activities that prove to be relevant and effective in making sure that the quality knowledge is acquired from the local communities and groups that operate in the society and provide help in establishing the historical features. Common goals of education can be identified for archaeology as relevant resources could be used with quality planning of the processes (Levstik et al. 2018). The discovery of history based elements related to decoding the information of a particular region that links to history and the social and economic features of the individual living there. The different insights about the local places and the historic past has to be acquired from the relics and other monuments and some detailed features to make sure that the overall goals are achieved in executing the tasks with great success and efficiency (Kamariotou et al. 2021).
The media and the government bodies also play a crucial role in supporting the archaeological facts to be found out in a systematic way. The media can provide research based material to the archaeologist and the historians who would be able to search the relevant places where the important facts are hidden. In this way, the connection with the communities and various media groups help the archaeological sites to be identified and explored in a beneficial way. The Egyptian pyramids are designed and constructed in a specific way for making sure that the cultural aspects are symbolised in a planned way (Lacovara, 2018). The archaeologists also need to be precise in their choosing of the survey methods for the excavation of the buildings and lands that they feel as convenient. The different historical wars are also marked by the war memorials being built all across the world in the places of war.
The links between the different ethnic and social groups also seems to be effective for the archaeologists as they can receive the accurate information about the places that they need to research and unearth the mystery elements that are a proof of authenticity for archaeology. The different features of history will be identified and its elements will be discovered in a smooth way for making sure that the overall goals are achieved in an efficient way.
Conclusion
The essay covered the archaeological significance and explored the links between the different ethnic and social groups also seems to be effective for the archaeologists as they can receive the accurate information about the places that they need to research and unearth the mystery elements that are a proof of authenticity for archaeology. The different features of history will be identified and its elements will be discovered in a smooth way for making sure that the overall goals are achieved in an efficient way.
References
archeology.uark.edu, 2021, About Archaeological news, available at: https://archeology.uark.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/SAA-Why-Teach-Arch-2020.pdf [Accessed on: 17.06.2021]
Börjesson, L. and Huvila, I., 2018. Digital archaeological data for future knowledge-making. In Archaeology and archaeological information in the digital society (pp. 14-36). Routledge.
Douglass, K., Morales, E.Q., Manahira, G., Fenomanana, F., Samba, R., Lahiniriko, F., Chrisostome, Z.M., Vavisoa, V., Soafiavy, P., Justome, R. and Leonce, H., 2019. Toward a just and inclusive environmental archaeology of southwest Madagascar. Journal of Social Archaeology, 19(3), pp.307-332.
express.co.uk, 2021, About Archaeological news, available at: https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/1450073/archaeology-news-mini-pompeii-verona-vesuvius-volcano-evg [Accessed on: 17.06.2021]
Ghosh, S., Umashankar, M. and Chowdhury, S., 2020. Modelling Water Resources in the Ancient Indus Valley City of Dholavira and Lessons Learnt. In Emerging Technologies for Agriculture and Environment (pp. 223-238). Springer, Singapore.
Guo, R., 2019. Studying Civilizations: Retrospect and Prospect. In Human-Earth System Dynamics (pp. 149-173). Springer, Singapore.
Kamariotou, V., Kamariotou, M. and Kitsios, F., 2021. Strategic planning for virtual exhibitions and visitors’ experience: A multidisciplinary approach for museums in the digital age. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 21, p.e00183.
Khater, H.F., 2017. Introductory chapter: Back to the future-solutions for parasitic problems as old as the pyramids. Natural remedies in the fight against parasites, pp.5-7.
Kulik, K. 2007. A short history of archaeological communication. In Clack T. and Brittain. M. (eds.) Archaeology and the Media. pp.111-124 Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press.
Lacovara, P., 2018. Pyramids and Obelisks Beyond Egypt. Aegyptiaca. Journal of the History of Reception of Ancient Egypt, (2), pp.124-137.
Lapintie, K., Di Marino, M. and Hewidy, H., 2017, July. An Archaeology of Silence: A Study of Words and Things That Planners Don't Talk About. In AESOP Annual Congress: Spaces of Dialog for Places of Dignity: Fostering the European Dimension of Planning.
Levstik, L.S., Henderson, A.G. and Schlarb, J.S., 2018. Digging for clues: An archaeological exploration of historical cognition. In Researching History Education (pp. 393-407). Routledge.
mirror.co.uk, 2021, About Archaeological news, available at: https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/egyptian-archaeologists-discover-ancient-mummification-12917291 [Accessed on: 17.06.2021]
Parezo, N.J. and Nichols, C.A., 2018. Is It Anthropology?. Tracking Anthropological Engagements, p.133.
Parikh, D. and Petrie, C.A., 2019. ‘We are inheritors of a rural civilisation’: rural complexity and the ceramic economy in the Indus Civilisation in northwest India. World archaeology, 51(2), pp.252-272.
Peeples, M.A., 2019. Finding a place for networks in archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Research, 27(4), pp.451-499.
Shipley, L., (2015). Leaping to conclusions: archaeology, gender and digital news media. Antiquity, 89(344).
theguardian.com, 2021, About Archaeological news, available at: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/may/28/site-in-syria-could-be-worlds-oldest-war-memorial-study-finds [Accessed on: 17.06.2021]
tom Dieck, M.C. and Jung, T.H., (2017). Value of augmented reality at cultural heritage sites: A stakeholder approach. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6(2), pp.110-117.
Wood, B., 2020. A Review of the Concept of Authenticity in Heritage, with Particular Reference to Historic Houses. Collections, 16(1), pp.8-33.
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