Emerging Markets: Strategies and Risks for Businesses

1. Identify and discuss four ways in which emerging economies may differ from developed economies. Support your answer with the help of examples and discuss the implications for multinationals operating in these emerging economies.
2. The main cause of business failure in emerging markets is a lack of understanding of the local market context. Discuss, with examples, how multinationals can use the “Four Macro Dimensions” to compare the attractiveness of different emerging markets for their type of business.
3. Prahalad, London, and Hart (2002) developed the “Base of the Pyramid” (BoP) paradigm. Define the concept of the BoP and explain (with examples) the ways in which businesses can effectively target the BoP market segment.
4. Ciravegna et al, (2014) propose a 2x2 typology for classifying the risks that multinationals may face when doing business in emerging markets. Using examples, discuss these four different types of risk.
5. Ramamurti & Singh (2009) identified five “generic internationalisation strategies” followed by emerging market multinationals. In relation to multinationals from India, discuss (with examples) three out of these fivedifferent strategies. In addition, consider what country and firm specific  advantages Indian multinationals are likely to possess for each of the three strategies discussed.
6. According to Williamson et al. (2013), Russian multinationals have fallen behind in terms of R&D expenditures in comparison to multinationals of other BRIC economies. What factors are preventing Russian firms from being more innovative?

Discuss the strategies proposed by Ciravegna, Fitzgerald and Kundu (2014) to target the “New Middle Class” consumer segment in emerging economies. Illustrate your answer with examples.

Ramamurti & Singh (2009) identified five major internationalisation strategies followed by emerging market multinationals? Explain three out of five different strategies and identify the types of country and firm specific advantages of EMNEs that would support these strategies. Illustrate your answers with examples.

Brazil and India are both large emerging markets. Compare and contrast these two countries in terms of their macro dimensions and make recommendations for type of businesses that would find these markets most attractive.

Discuss with examples the four different types of risk that MNEs need to consider when considering doing business in emerging markets.

Emerging Market Multinationals (EMNEs) can be categorized into three commonorganizational forms. Explain these organizational forms and outline their advantages and disadvantages. Illustrate your answer with examples

Some Chinese firms have emerged as being leaders in innovation in contrastwith the traditional 'me too' image attributed to Chinese firms. Explain the five types of innovation models proposed by Williamson et al, (2013). Illustrate your answer with examples.