Motivation and its Contrast Theories

Learning Outcomes

In this Unit, you are supposed to: 1. Understand the factors which may motivate staff. 2. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of using money as a motivational tool. 3. Understand non-pecuniary methods of motivating staff. 4. Understand issues which might impact negatively on a worker’s motivation and ways this may be avoided.

Compare and contrast the main theories of motivation 2.1 Evaluate the short term and long term effects of using money as a motivational tool. 3.1 Describe what is meant by job enrichment and job enlargement and explain how these may be used to provide long term motivation. 3.2 Explain, with examples, the importance of communication as a tool for lasting motivation. 4.1 Use case study material to identify issues contributing to lack of motivation among staff. 4.2 Identify non-pecuniary ways to address issues of lack of motivation among staff.

Rodrick Fitzgerald is a manager of a pizza business who at times can be very direct in giving instructions. Not long ago he spoke to a female member of his staff, Samantha, to allocate her tasks for the morning. Before he got down to the real business, Rodrick began the conversation by asking, ‘Did you have garlic with your supper last night, Samantha?’ He then went on to list six things he wanted Samantha to do before lunchtime. Samantha did not hear the first five things that Rodrick had said because she was so embarrassed and upset by his opening comment, she was not listening effectively. Rodrick left the premises that morning confident that he had given clear instructions to Samantha. On his return he was furious that some of his instructions had not been carried out. 

1. Answer question 1(a) or 1(b). Do not answer both; you simply have to choose one of the two. a. In a detailed essay, define the term “Motivation” and compare and contrast the theories of motivation developed by Frederick Taylor and Elton Mayo and suggest different ways in which managers can apply each of these theories in the work place [AC 1.1]. b. In a detailed essay, define the term “Motivation” and compare and contrast the theories of motivation developed by Frederick Herzberg and Abraham Maslow and suggest different ways in which managers can apply each of these theories in the work place.

2. After reading the scenario on page 4, identify the issues which could contribute to Samantha’s lack of motivation and consequently tasks not being completed. Your answer should also address why communication is an important tool for employee motivation [AC 3.2 and AC 4.1].

3. “Managers can use money as a tool to motivate employees”. Do you agree with this statement? Justify your answer by evaluating the short-term and long-term effects of using pecuniary methods as a motivational tool. [AC 2.1].

 4. In a report, discuss these three non-pecuniary ways, i.e. goal setting, job redesign, and working in teams, which can be used to address lack of motivation among staff and promote job satisfaction.