Environmental Movement in Canada: Comparing Waves and the Need for a Fourth Wave

Second and Third Waves

For assignment 1, you will be critically comparing two waves of the environmental movement in Canada, and discussing the need for a fourth wave. You will also critically examine one key challenge that may make the movement towards environmental sustainability in Canada a slow process. Use the Olive (2016) reading as a starting point, and then do some research to flesh out your points and provide examples. Specifically, discuss the following questions. Support your claims with credible and reputable sources. Do not include these questions in the paper, and do not just answer the questions. Your paper should be cohesive and ideas should connect and flow logically. Feel free to use headings to guide your reader through your paper (although this is not required). Use third person when writing.

Second and Third Waves

• What were the second and third waves of the environmental movement in Canada? How were these waves of environmentalism different from each other? Briefly explain to give context for the remaining discussion points. Give a couple examples to illustrate.

• How have the economic and social developments of the time shaped each environmental wave? Fourth Wave

• Olive (2016) claims that there may be a need for a fourth wave of environmentalism. Why might this be? What might a fourth wave look like (e.g. key focus, types of policy and policy tools)? How are current economic and social developments shaping the fourth wave?

• “The provinces want to develop economically, and the federal government does not have the power to dictate the environmental stewardship” (Olive, 2016, p. 92). Discuss how tensions between federal and provincial governments could act as a barrier to a fourth wave of environmentalism. Give a current example to illustrate your point.