Styles for Citing Sources in Academic Papers

Chicago Manual of Style (Turabian) PREFERRED

Students must use ONE of the following styles for citing their sources and MUSTIDENTIFY THE STYLE ON THE COVER PAGE:

a. Chicago Manual of Style (Turabian) PREFERRED

b. APA

c. MLA

3. Depending on the style chosen, students may use endnotes or footnotes, but mustalso include a bibliography at the end.

4. Secondary sources used must qualify as “academic” sources, that is, peerreviewed journal articles, articles in an edited collection, or academicmonographs. If you are uncertain about a source or where to find the materialsyou need, consult a reference librarian (there is very good information on thevideo from Michael Dudley!). The citing of non-academic internet sources(like Wikipedia) will result in a penalty of 10% of the value of theassignment.

5. Each paper MUST include a mix of sources that includes at least one primarysource; peer-reviewed articles from academic journals; and academicmonographs. This should be the core of any history research essay. These coresources must be used (and cited) as well as included in the bibliography.

1. Compare the Battle of Waterloo (1815) and the Battle of the Somme (1916).What changed about the way wars were fought, between 1815 to 1916? Whatstayed the same? How much of the difference was due to technological change?

2. Research the Green Revolution and the current state of agriculture in India.What were the benefits and harms that resulted from the Green Revolution?What should be done now to improve food security in the 21st century, in Indiaor elsewhere, especially considering the effects of the climate crisis?

3. Research the difference between standardization and precision. What systempressures drove industrial standardization after 1850? Are they different fromthe system pressures that drove precision in that same time period? Why or whynot? Use examples.

4. Control of the sea (and commerce) affected the outcome of many of the wars thathave taken place since 1750. Pick two examples of this and compare them. Whatpart did technological systems play, in either victory or defeat?

5. Identify the arguments for and against the development and use of weapons ofmass destruction. If values are embedded in the technology of every culture,what values are being expressed in this kind of technology? How might thesevalues be changed, and on what grounds? What is different today than it was inthe 1950s, when the Cold War began?

6. Research the role of advertising in the promotion of “a latent need” in NorthAmerican culture in the 20th or 21st century, and discuss how advertisingaffected the subsequent development of a specific technology or technologicalsystem.

7. Research the system effects of potential female customers/drivers on themarketing and design of the automobile before 1939 – how was gender used todevelop (or shape) different T levels of the automobile system before World War2?

8. Research the early history of the radio. Identify and discuss the effects it had onNorth American society and culture, especially in terms of politics andadvertising. Then, agree or disagree with the following statement: “More thanany other single technology, the radio shaped Western culture in the 20thcentury.”

9. Research the early history of printing. What effects did the technology ofprinting from movable type have on the development of language, politics,religion and culture in Europe between 1450 and 1750?3

10. Whatever happened to the Wankel? Research and discuss the history of theWankel rotary engine, and explain (using T-system theory) why it neversucceeded in the way its inventors had hoped.

11. Cotton was already a global industry by 1750. What did industrial technologiesdo to shift the balance of power in that global system after 1750, establishing“the empire of cotton” through the use of “war capitalism” and slavery?

12. Research the history of cellphones, computers and the internet and theiimplications for global culture in the 21st century. What is their potential forcreating thriving, resilient and locally sustainable communities– or do theseelectronic tools simply entrench existing forms of power and wealth? Choose acountry or region to illustrate your essay.

13. Considering the contrasting examples of Elisha Gray (insider) and AlexanderGraham Bell (outsider), identify and research another example of how anoutsider” created disruptive technological change in a social or cultural system.

14. Research the history of George Eastman’s Kodak company, from its beginning now. How did the patent system create, perpetuate and (in the end) perhapsdestroy Kodak? Explain, using examples.

15. Consider the nature of the computerized workplace, especially now as so manypeople are working from home. Are the ideas of Frederick Winslow Taylor about“scientific management” alive and well in the workplace today? Given thecontext of Charlie Chaplin’s Modern Times, is this a good thing? Why or why not?