LC459 Sociology of Health

How does today’s subculture of the male bodybuilding correlate with the same subculture of women ideal body and, in what ways can it be said to have cultural foundation in light of the essentialism and anti-essentialism perspectives?

 

this is a bibliography of source, the question that need answering is on the top. Main essay question to be answered How does today’s subculture of the male bodybuilding correlate with the same subculture of women ideal body and, in what ways can it be said to have cultural foundation considering the essentialism and anti-essentialism perspectives? Annotated bibliography: The interrelated subcultures of physical activities such as gymnastics (gym) , bodybuilding, wrestling, martial art, and other physical sport has dramatically emerged over a decade.

 

The increase in physical activities and its technological advances and its memberships, being brought to the tips of every individuals fingers and the constant accessibility of the gyms and clubs being made tooobvious is what has damaged the reputation of gender equalities and the constant growth in the idea of physical sport is what contributes to the conflict of attractiveness and beauty, ideals type of bodies, attached with an ideal identity, and divisions is what has brought about for people in postmodern headed societies, according to general beliefs.

 

Additionally, the exponential growth in Internet access has also lead to a rapid and borderless sharing of the subculture and the concept of categorizing groups into disruptive section. In light of the technological and essentialism progress through the sociocultural influences has concurrentlyand dynamically become manipulative, intensive and commercial that has real consequences for individuals in contemporary societies. The subculture of bodybuilding had dramatically moved into a global scope, where it has created a new kind of contemporary universal consumerism culture that turned needs into necessities. Moreover, it has created a universal culture of its own out of the physical gym space, which in return led to collectivebonds around the world, and forged its own rulebook.

 

Eugen Sandow, who invented the first small scale bodybuilding contest in 1901 (Heffernan, (2015), whereas in contemporary capitalist societies, there are presently quite a lot of organizations that organise competition across the globe for example International Federation of Bodybuilding and Fitness’ Mr. Olympia, the largest competition in the world. These following sources would be used to examine its essentialism and anti-essentialism points of view in respect of the construction of social hyper reality, and the idea of masculinity, femininity and its interrelationship. Jesper Andreasson, T. J. (2019). Social Sciences. Bodybuilding and Fitness Doping in Transition. This journal article authored by Jasper and Anderson is a revised and a useful academic source, accurately, pertinent and related the subculture of gymnastic, bodybuilding dopes and the transformation of human body into a stronger, masculine body and to the concept of male masculinity. At the same time, it comprises of relatable information including the historical development of the subculture of physical sport such as gym and any other exercise that contribute to the idea of masculinity and femininity.

 

Since, it has shed light on its historical development the main aim of the discussion was focused on the idea of the male masculinity versus female femininity and rather aligned on the historical development of physical culture or the subculture of gym as well as its interrelationship with main stream culture and the idea of gender normalisation within the subculture. This journal article theoretically utilises the idea of body building subculture, its historical emergence and foundation, influence, and as well its contribution to the construction of female ideal body.

 

Its consolidating discussion about the subculture of gymnastics is appropriate, more or less interconnected with the idea of male masculinity and female femininity, because it’s in-depth analysis of the physical subculture of gymnastics is well illustrated and presented in a historical order with its examination and analysis of the gender construction and differences, it goes hand in hand with the chosen portfolio questions. Moreover, it looks at the aspects and influences and social pressure surrounding the subculture physical sport, as well as having produced different perspective such as feminists that unavoidably finds themselves in conflict and contradiction with the conceptualisation of gender essentialism.

 

Thomas F. Cash, T. P. (, 2002). body image. New york: Guilford Press. This is an edited, theoretically developedbook by F. cash and T. and Pruzinsky who are both PhD professors in the field of psychology is a reliable and credible source since, they both have published more than 150 scientificarticles in the psychology of the physical appearances. This book contains a range of significant perspectivesfrom various sociological fields, theories and chapters that correlate with the subculture of gymnastic in relation to the image of body, physical attractiveness, masculinity, femininity and its interrelationship with one another. Likewise it has widely been emphasising the idea of physical attractiveness of male and female. Importantand relatedtopics and its perspectives in the book include “fitness enhancement, weight loss and changing in the body, body image, anorexia body image and attitudes of contemporary adolescents”, which are all be precisely related and linked the subculture of gymnastic and it particularly discusses the emergence of physical sports in 1970s. Additionally, its contribution to the sociocultural perspectives, cultural media, family system and other interpersonal relationship is a key to expanding knowledge which could be very beneficial to writing a credible essay on the guided topic within the module.

 

Furthermore, in this book, the debate regarding the essence and construction of female and male intrinsic and differences is also discussed to some degree, however its main aim is to look in-depth into the perception of such individuals in terms of their identities and what defines them. Shari L. Dworkin, a. F. (2009). Body panic. New york: New York University Press. This is an authored book, by Shari L. Dworkin, a. F. (2009) that brings the subculture of bodybuilding under its empirical observation, scrutiny and critically evaluates its historical development, foundation, its influence and the culture of consumerism and essentialism. A number of issues and questions are raised in regards the construction of such identities, the construction of ideal type male and female bodies and what the driving force behind is.

 

The authors claims that “bodybuilding into Americans are being sold on a fitness ideal referring to various variation such as the notion of “not just thin but toned, not just muscular but Body Panic, Shari L. Dworkin and Faye Linda Wachs explains where the particular body types that is deemed to be "fit" And how having an unfit, or "bad," body gets conflated with being an unfit, or "bad," citizenShari L. Dworkin, a. F. (2009). Dworkin and Wachs, who examining ten years’ worth of men's and women's health and fitness magazines in the book to determine the ways in which bodies are "made" in today's culture. Likewise it has looked to into the historical foundation of the subculture of physical sport and its derivation. Moreover, the authors emphasis on the consumerisms culture and the images, the workouts, and the ideology being promoted within and through the sociocultural as well as the contemporary links among health, morality, citizenship, and identity.

 

Though,the female image are often studied together, its emphasised by the authors both women's and men's bodies’concurrently and historically in order to explain the persuasive cultural subcultural dilemma, which is why it would be pertinent to the constructed portfolio questions for the essay. In addition to that, debates in regards to the intersectionality of the idea of race and colour versus the idea of physical attraction versus none physical attraction is put under questions. Similarly attractiveness is also discussed, which, in relation to the concept of different groups varies but contribute to some form of tolerance within the shared subculture. Although, the main purpose of the book is to promote a positive body image and the understanding of psychosocial meaning of human embodiment, the historical development of body image has not been at stake, in facts, this book provides much relatable theories and perspective including the feminist theories and perspective, their informative examination of the body image and experiences in relation to gender sexual orientation, masculinity and femininity stays vital. Bibliography Feingold, A. (2006).

 

Gender differences in effects of physical attractiveness on romantic attraction: A comparison across five research paradigms.Obesity Society . Thomas F. Cash, T. P. (2022). body image. New york: Guilford Press.  Main essay question to be answered How does today’s subculture of the male bodybuilding correlate with the same subculture of women ideal body and, in what ways can it be said to have cultural foundation considering the essentialism and anti-essentialism perspectives?

 

Annotated bibliography: The interrelated subcultures of physical activities such as gymnastics (gym) , bodybuilding, wrestling, martial art, and other physical sport has dramatically emerged over a decade. The increase in physical activities and its technological advances and its memberships, being brought to the tips of every individuals fingers and the constant accessibility of the gyms and clubs being made tooobvious is what has damaged the reputation of gender equalities and the constant growth in the idea of physical sport is what contributes to the conflict of attractiveness and beauty, ideals type of bodies, attached with an ideal identity, and divisions is what has brought about for people in postmodern headed societies, according to general beliefs.

 

Additionally, the exponential growth in Internet access has also lead to a rapid and borderless sharing of the subculture and the concept of categorizing groups into disruptive section. In light of the technological and essentialism progress through the sociocultural influences, has concurrentlyand dynamically become manipulative, intensive and commercial that has real consequences for individuals in contemporary societies. The subculture of bodybuilding had dramatically moved into a global scope, where it has created a new kind of contemporary universal consumerism culture that turned needs into necessities. Moreover, it has created a universal culture of its own out of the physical gym space, which in return led to collectivebonds around the world, and forged its own rulebook.

 

Eugen Sandow, who invented the first small scale bodybuilding contest in 1901 (Heffernan, (2015), whereas in contemporary capitalist societies, there are presently quite a lot of organizations that organise competition across the globe for example International Federation of Bodybuilding and Fitness’ Mr. Olympia, the largest competition in the world. These following sources would be used to examine its essentialism and anti-essentialism points of view in respect of the construction of social hyper reality, and the idea of masculinity, femininity and its interrelationship. Jesper Andreasson, T. J. (2019). Social Sciences. Bodybuilding and Fitness Doping in Transition. This journal article authored by Jasper and Anderson is a revised and a useful academic source, accurately, pertinent and related the subculture of gymnastic, bodybuilding dopes and the transformation of human body into a stronger, masculine body and to the concept of male masculinity.

 

At the same time, it comprises of relatable information including the historical development of the subculture of physical sport such as gym and any other exercise that contribute to the idea of masculinity and femininity. Since, it has shed light on its historical development the main aim of the discussion was focused on the idea of the male masculinity versus female femininity and rather aligned on the historical development of physical culture or the subculture of gym as well as its interrelationship with main stream culture and the idea of gender normalisation within the subculture.

 

This journal article theoretically utilises the idea of body building subculture, its historical emergence and foundation, influence, and as well its contribution to the construction of female ideal body. Its consolidating discussion about the subculture of gymnastics is appropriate, more or less interconnected with the idea of male masculinity and female femininity, because it’s in-depth analysis of the physical subculture of gymnastics is well illustrated and presented in a historical order with its examination and analysis of the gender construction and differences, it goes hand in hand with the chosen portfolio questions. Moreover, it looks at the aspects and influences and social pressure surrounding the subculture physical sport, as well as having produced different perspective such as feminists that unavoidably finds themselves in conflict and contradiction with the conceptualisation of gender essentialism.

 

Thomas F. Cash, T. P. (, 2002). body image. New york: Guilford Press. This is an edited, theoretically developedbook by F. cash and T. and Pruzinsky who are both PhD professors in the field of psychology is a reliable and credible source since, they both have published more than 150 scientificarticles in the psychology of the physical appearances. This book contains a range of significant perspectivesfrom various sociological fields, theories and chapters that correlate with the subculture of gymnastic in relation to the image of body, physical attractiveness, masculinity, femininity and its interrelationship with one another. Likewise it has widely been emphasising the idea of physical attractiveness of male and female.

 

Importantand relatedtopics and its perspectives in the book include “fitness enhancement, weight loss and changing in the body, body image, anorexia body image and attitudes of contemporary adolescents”, which are all be precisely related and linked the subculture of gymnastic and it particularly discusses the emergence of physical sports in 1970s. Additionally, its contribution to the sociocultural perspectives, cultural media, family system and other interpersonal relationship is a key to expanding knowledge which could be very beneficial to writing a credible essay on the guided topic within the module.

 

Furthermore, in this book, the debate regarding the essence and construction of female and male intrinsic and differences is also discussed to some degree, however its main aim is to look in-depth into the perception of such individuals in terms of their identities and what defines them. Shari L. Dworkin, a. F. (2009). Body panic. New york: New York University Press. This is an authored book, by Shari L. Dworkin, a. F. (2009) that brings the subculture of bodybuilding under its empirical observation, scrutiny and critically evaluates its historical development, foundation, its influence and the culture of consumerism and essentialism. A number of issues and questions are raised in regards the construction of such identities, the construction of ideal type male and female bodies and what the driving force behind is.

 

The authors claims that “bodybuilding into Americans are being sold on a fitness ideal referring to various variation such as the notion of “not just thin but toned, not just muscular but Body Panic, Shari L. Dworkin and Faye Linda Wachs explains where the particular body types that is deemed to be "fit" And how having an unfit, or "bad," body gets conflated with being an unfit, or "bad," citizenShari L. Dworkin, a. F. (2009). Dworkin and Wachs, who examining ten years’ worth of men's and women's health and fitness magazines in the book to determine the ways in which bodies are "made" in today's culture. Likewise it has looked to into the historical foundation of the subculture of physical sport and its derivation. Moreover, the authors emphasis on the consumerisms culture and the images, the workouts, and the ideology being promoted within and through the sociocultural as well as the contemporary links among health, morality, citizenship, and identity. Though,the female image are often studied together, its emphasised by the authors both women's and men's bodies’concurrently and historically in order to explain the persuasive cultural subcultural dilemma, which is why it would be pertinent to the constructed portfolio questions for the essay. In addition to that, debates in regards to the intersectionality of the idea of race and colour versus the idea of physical attraction versus none physical attraction is put under questions.

 

Similarly attractiveness is also discussed, which, in relation to the concept of different groups varies but contribute to some form of tolerance within the shared subculture. Although, the main purpose of the book is to promote a positive body image and the understanding of psychosocial meaning of human embodiment, the historical development of body image has not been at stake, in facts, this book provides much relatable theories and perspective including the feminist theories and perspective, their informative examination of the body image and experiences in relation to gender sexual orientation, masculinity and femininity stays vital. Bibliography Feingold, A. (2006). Gender differences in effects of physical attractiveness on romantic attraction: A comparison across five research paradigms. Human Mate Selection (major) Human Sex Differences, Meta Analysis (major);Physical Attractiveness.