(1) As an  alternative to antitrust and competition law, economic regulation can and has been established in three exceptional cases: (1) for those markets where it is clear that competition cannot be achieved by market forces
Â
(2) Where deviation from efficiency is deemed socially desirable
Â
(3) Where the social and private benefits are clearly different, since in each of these cases, it is clear that a market without intervention will not result in the desired outcomeâ (Economides, N. âCompetition policy in network industries: an introductionâ in D W Jansen (eds), Competition in network industries: Past, Present and the Future (Edward Elgar Publishing 2006) 117-118
Grading CriteriaÂ
Presentation & structure  Includes: |
Content / Knowledge  Includes: |
Breadth / Depth & Integration of Sources Includes: |
Analysis, Synthesis & Evaluation Includes: |
Presentation of References  Includes: |
 Structure work to review the key issues and/or writers in the areas  Relate this review to the arguments underlying the question  Combine elements in different patterns in a structure which follows development of the argument  Use of legal and academic language to best effect  Present work in an academic format with extensive use of footnotes and well designedformatting   |
 Properly identify all legal or other relevant issues raised by the question  Attach appropriate emphasis to each issue depending upon its significance in the discussion  State the law or other sources accurately and in appropriate detail  Provide a confident evaluation of potentially complex or contradictory issues towards a well reasoned and supported conclusion    |
 Demonstrate an extensive  use of primary sources and secondary sources without over-reliance on secondary texts  Aim for a sharply focused evaluation of the issues raised by the question  Integrate supporting material very concisely  and relevantly into your argument   |
Analysis: Use your material to demonstrate your understanding of the significance of the different issues in the question  Synthesis: Bring together the competing arguments within the question, providing an overall viewpoint in your conclusion  Evaluation: Assess the validity of competing arguments, reflect and come to conclusions on the validity of different interpretations or approaches |
 Use a full range of footnotes to cite your references from a wide range of reading  Ensure an accurate approach to referencing using the full range of resources available within the recommended system  Include all references in your bibliography  Use the OSCOLA referencing system â information available on Studynet under Learning Resources and the Law Subject Toolkit     |
Key tips:  Ensure your work appears as well presented as possible by comparison with journal articles or other equivalent material you have researched  Spell check your work and check for grammar and sentence construction  Ensure your spell checker is set to English UK  Write in clear English and avoid informal language  Avoid using personal pronouns, e.g. I, We, My.  Avoid inappropriate abbreviations, e.g. Canât, doesnât, theyâre.  |
Key tips:  Aim for a balance of appropriate detail highlighting the issues from your sources depending on the significance of the issue to the answer  Aim for both synthesis and evaluation in your answer highlighting and identify any possible approaches to apparently irresolvable issues |
Key tips:  For a higher mark you will need to show evidence of extensive reading  inprimary sources  Research as widely as possible to find relevant material to support your answer outside of those supplied to you through the module  |
Key tips:   Review the instruction in the Question â synthesis and evaluation are likely to be the main focus  Ensure you address your answer to these aspects  In a problem question scenario, you need to analyse and then bring together the competing arguments for and against the party you are asked to advise by synthesis and evaluation in a comprehensive and detailed conclusion |
Key tip:  Avoid plagiarism  Ensure you use the maximum detail of the referencing system, including references quoted in other sources you have used   |