Diploma of Nursing

1. Describe the process of coronary artery atheroma formation. (150 words) Include the following in  your answer:  a Factors that trigger endothelial inflammation  b How high and low density lipoproteins contribute to atheroma formation  c The role of macrophages  
2 You are asked to document Mr Marconi’s neurovascular observations (left wrist) during the admission assessment. Discuss the following in relation to this assessment: (100-150 Words)  a List the 5 parts of this assessment.    b Explain how each of these assessments evaluates Mr Marconi’s left wrist injury.        
The

The primary role of the endothelium is to provide functional barrier between the blood and the blood vessels. The major functions of endothelium are regulation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, vascular tome, growth and subsequent immune responses. Various cardiovascular risk associated with the impaired functioning of endothelium are hypertension, pyslipidaemia, smoking and mental unbalance. The primary triggering element responsible for endothelial inflammation are ageing, lipid deposition, proliferative growth of the smooth muscle cells, blood cell adhesion, vasoconstriction, LDL cholesterol and diabetes. Considering the occurrence of atheroscelerotic disease the inflammation in the endothelium plays the pivotal role.  If there is damage in the endothelium of the blood vessel, then lipoproteins (LDLs) of low protein enter in the vessel wall’s intima layer. Macrophages take up the LDLs. Due to the accumulation of the lipid, there appears a fatty streak that is visible in lumen. With the continuation of the process, there is accumulation of lipid outside macrophages (Ballestas et al. 2014). Along with this, collagen production is stimulated by the macrophages due to