Chemical Synthesis Process for DHDS Plant - Project Report

Problem description:
Any chemical synthesis process utilises some natural or synthetic raw material (solids, liquids, gases) along with water and air to produce the required end product, by products and effluents. The pre-procsessing, cleaning of the raw material and blending of the components to form the final product requires usually a combination of heating, cooling and use of chemical catalysts to enable the required chemical reactions and phase changes.

As far as high speed diesel is concerned, total sulfur content has a direct bearing on particulate and soluble organic mass emissions. It also indirectly causes corrosive wear and tear of engine, thereby leading to a poor engine performance and further increase in emissions.The Ministry of Petroleum and natural gas directed that a maximum of 0.25 wt. % of sulfur from 1 wt % can be present in diesel. Accordingly, it would be necessary for the refinery to set up de-sulfurisation facilities for diesel, in order to meet the objective of diesel production with revised specification of Sulfur content. The basic objective of a typical Diesel Hydro De-sulfurization (DHDS) plant is to remove sulfur content from diesel.

DHDS:
• Diesel is a liquid fuel used in diesel engines.
• Diesel requires less refining. It is heavier, thicker and oilier than gasoline.
• It has increased evaporation time.

Inputs water and air:
• Boiler feed-water: Needed for processes and make up for condensate tank.
• Process air supply: Air for extracting required nitrogen.

Inputs catalyst:
Suggest right type of catalyst for each process and also make sugesstions for pressure and temperature desired for each process for selected catalysts.

Process monitoring and control:
• Identify the temperatures, pressure and flow in the major equipment used in the process as well as in the entry and exit points of these.
• Suggest the control mechanisms to ensure that the plant meets the required production requirements, quality requiremetns and safety requirements.

Emission control:
The following emissions into air should be monitored as part of a proper supervision:-
• Any NOx and SOx emissions from the processes.
A typical DHDS plant, which involves DHDS unit, hydrogen unit, suphur recovery unit and produces diesel without suphur as output as listed below, can be used as the process to develop your project report, or any typical industrial chemical process of similar scale can be taken up for the project .

Project report:
Expand your mid-term report (Assessment 2) to compile a detailed report of 4,000 words maximum (excluding schematics, drawings and data tables) on: “Future work including modification in the system for better process performance and energy savings” This should complete the mid-term report “Assessment 2” by adding sections on workings,implementation, results, verification/validation, conclusion/challenges and recommendations/future work).You can scan and insert any annexures, drawings and other material you have compiled in addition to the text content.