The Breach of the Treaty of Waitangi - Impacts on Maori Health

Running head: THE BREACH OF THE TREATY OF WAITANGI – IMPACTS ON MAORI HEALTH THE BREACH OF THE TREATY OF WAITANGI – IMPACTS ON MAORI HEALTH Name of the Student: Name of the University: Author Note: 1 THE BREACH OF THE TREATY OF WAITANGI – IMPACTS ON MAORI HEALTe Table of Contents Introduction ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 2 Breach of the Treaty of Waitangi ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 2 Impact of the Treaty of Waitangi ................................ ................................ ................................ 3 Critical analysis of the Treaty in relation to the health of the Māori ................................ .............. 5 Adoption of Tiriti -complaint legislation and policy ................................ ................................ ... 5 Recognition of extant Māori political authority ................................ ................................ .......... 5 Investment in Māori health ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 6 Anti -racism and equity in Māori health practices ................................ ................................ ....... 6 Effective analysis of stakeholders and quality measures ................................ ............................ 6 Recommendations ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... 7 Conclusion ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 8 References ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 9 2 THE BREACH OF THE TREATY OF WAITANGI – IMPACTS ON MAORI HEALTe Introduction Th is essay is going to talk about the impact of breaching the Treaty of Waitangi or Te Tiriti o Waitangi which was signed between the crown and the Māori tribes and people . The sufferings of the Māori from the breach of the treaty which started from the very moment it was signed on 1840 are diverse and impacted the lifestyle, the health as w ell as land reserves of the native people. The Māori chiefs and the native people were manipulated by the crown regarding their land reserves and rights , health and medical requirements, colonial transformation, obligation towards legislation and policy (Came, Cornes & McCreanor 2018) . The paper performs an evaluation of the factors that were the outcome of the breach of the treaty in relevance to health -based obligations and responsibilities. Breach of the Treaty of Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi or Te T iriti o Waitangi has been breached by the crown in terms of being unable to design and administer the primary health care system based on the needs of the Māori people. The crown did not take any initiative or active approach towards addressing the health inequities among individuals belonging to Māori tribes. The treaty between the crown and the Māori chiefs and tribes was breached and the crown failed to maintain and guarantee the engagement (Bennett & Liu , 2018) . The guarantee of tino rangatiratanga where the self - determination, self -government, sovereignty and autonomy was help up by the crown neither they took to active inquiry or service towards providing the healthcare and medical support to the people. The r eform to wards integrating primary health care was an act that is based on 2002 reflecting the need for the improvement of Māori health outcomes (McNeill , 2017) . 3 THE BREACH OF THE TREATY OF WAITANGI – IMPACTS ON MAORI HEALTe Based on the Waitangi Tribunal’s WAI 2575 R eport, observations have been made in relevance to t he way legislation, funding, administration and accounting of healthcare system reflecting that they have not kept their guarantee or support towards protection of hauora (health) of the Māori . The British crown promised and affirmed the Māori sovereignty which included taking responsibility of their healthcare, culture, lands and others. however, their practices right after the signing of the treaty reflect ed the breach in the ir legislative and policy practices of health care . Based on registered as WAI 257 5 in 2019, the report establishes that the health sector has not been effective in terms of governance and authoritative of educational participation and social inequalities leading to unavailability of health inequities of Māori (Mutu , 2018) . Impact of the Treaty of Waitangi People – The Māori were made to suffer in relevance to the misperception of the treaty where the crown promised the Māori chiefs and the people complete health -based legislation and support. The law of Māori in the text of te Tiriti confirms that sovereignty of the crown will be respected considering their responsibilities will be taken by the crown however, the crown establishes its absolute territorial authority in the English version. The population of Māori when compared to non -Ma ori people have a higher rate of mortality and they are easily infected with disease and illness due to shortage of health services provided to them (Bryers -Brown & Trundle , 2017) . The relationship between the crown and the Māori under the international la w was established in terms of absolute territorial authority as well as taking responsibility of the people in social, economic and health sector (Came & Tudor , 2017) . However, the people were let down by the authority and the legislative policies of the c rown towards taking the responsibility. It was expected that the Māori will be engaged to the treaty principles of partnership, participation and protection. However, it was observed that the crown was unable to 4 THE BREACH OF THE TREATY OF WAITANGI – IMPACTS ON MAORI HEALTe completely provide for the Māori people that is implementing inequalities and pervasiveness towards their responsibilities. Processes – when evaluating the Treaty of Waitangi 1840, and it is clear that the foundation of New Zealand sovereignty was narrated through this treaty. The British crown and the Māori indigenous people came together to create history in terms of mobilising civil issues in the natives and giving power to the crown to look after the people of the land. However, the encounter between two groups was more symbolic in terms of the c rown actually aiming for complete control and power over the Māori people their land and their rights (Came et al., 2020) . The trajectory led to the indigenous values becoming further down due to the priorities established by the crown leading to creation of the infrastructure that was not completely beneficial to the Māori . Historical trajectory impacted community -based interventions, social welfare, indigenous values, family relationships, spirituality as well as the relationship between the gove rnment and the Māori tribes. The violation of the treaty led to severe healthcare issues among the Māori beginning with the unavailability of medical support and services that are effective for Māori traditions, beliefs and culture (Anaya , 2015) . Place – as a nation, New Zealand has a wide history of culture where the authority reflects the need for indigenous pieces, indigenous values, processes, by culturalism and others. However, the breach in the treaty impacted the nation in terms of its history and id entity leading to severe oppressive acts and disrespectful policies and legislation towards the Māori people. The colonisation of the nation by the British led to disease, oppressive legislation towards Māori customs, warfare, land alienation and others. I t not only impacted the place of New Zealand but also the people living in it leading to severe social, economic and psychological shortcomings (Came -Friar , 2019) 5 THE BREACH OF THE TREATY OF WAITANGI – IMPACTS ON MAORI HEALTe Critical analysis of the Treaty in relation to the health of the Māori Adoption of Tiriti -complaint legislation and policy There were persistent issues in terms of Māori health and the grievances that they developed based on the health system that was provided to them where the Crown government was being completely inactive . The indigeno us health crisis in the form of health equities practiced in medical institutions were identified and distinguished by evaluating the i ssues such as health care unavailability, disability to treat with respect towards culture and customs of th e Māori , subs tance us e. Clinical practi ces and policies were completely entrenched in political and professional facto rs leading to serious issues of medical support availability, access of healthcare facilities and children’s admissibility in hospitals (Bargh , 2018) . The crisis provided challenges that reflected the gap in the healthcare services and support being provided to the Māori . Recognition of extant Māori political authority Observing the health care system and the administration of health services after the treaty, it was clearly observed that there was heav y influence by the political authority of the crown . It did recognis e the need to have superiority over the people of the indigenous tribes by addressing their class as well as their inferiority. Often indi genous people were treated with disrespect leading to inefficient healthcare services and distinct unavailability non -Māori healthcare workers. The political superiority impacted the situation where the Maori people experienced worst health outcomes leadin g to severe disease, suffering and experience of oppression (Came , O’Sullivan & McCreanor , 2020) . 6 THE BREACH OF THE TREATY OF WAITANGI – IMPACTS ON MAORI HEALTe Investment in Māori health The assistance barriers in the participation of more health services were identified as social inequalities and racism that was pra ctised by government tow ards the indigenous people. It is not only about the health care but also about receiving training and support in the form of cultural beliefs and customs that will respect the more health services. Educational stratification was no t provided to more health workers so that they have exact knowledge of treating the Māori and providing them with effective medical attention . Accurate implementation of Māori health services can only be implemented when they are given equal status in terms of their social arrangements, financial requirements, employment opportunities as well as healthcare services (Barton , 2018) . Anti -racism and equity in Māori health practices After the treaty was breached, there were many negotiations performed by th e Māori with the British crown for the protection of their health. The health policy, legislation and primary care was established so that obligations of the crown can be recognised. However, the practice of racism and inequality in health system was sever e leading to a long -term damage. Admitting children in hospitals especially suffering from cancer was difficult if they belonged to Maori tribe. Not only that, people were denied services especially if they belong to the indigenous group in hospitals. Thus , the people, the government, the legislation as well as the authorities of the health care systems were not keeping the promises as obligations of the Crown towards the Māori (Bennett & Liu , 2018) . Effective analysis of stakeholders and quality measures The stakeholders in this process are evaluated in relevance to the strategy commitment that the crown made towards creating primary health organisation for the Māori. The district 7 THE BREACH OF THE TREATY OF WAITANGI – IMPACTS ON MAORI HEALTe population of the indigenous tribes are one of the major stakeholders in this region as well as effective implementation of health services system. However, they are the only one who was severely suffering due to the quality measures that are not being taken by the crown. The delivery of primary healthcare for the indigenous commun ities are insufficient in relevance to actively addressing the persistent issues of healthcare and growth (McNeill , 2017) K Recommendations Rec ommendations that can be developed to effectively support the Māori health system and transform as well as the colonise the health system in terms of practising equality among the Māori people. The welfare in the health and medical support of the indigenous people requires the following recommendations are as follows:  The government must invest in Māori health by providing training and guidance to medical staffs and doctors in Māori customs and medical believes  The treaty complaint registration and policies must be adopted to effectively bring change into the health systems by transforming the colonised perspective (Mutu , 2018)  Removing of racism, practises of iniquity in the health sector is necessary in terms of complementing towards growth and development of the Māori people  Implementing accountability mechanism towards t he crown and their government legislation is necessary considering their obligations to words the more people needs to be upheld  Critical analysis of shortcomings in terms of health policies and support towards the Māori people must be performed to impleme nt peaceful measures (Bryers -Brown & Trundle , 2017) 8 THE BREACH OF THE TREATY OF WAITANGI – IMPACTS ON MAORI HEALTe Conclusion In conclusion, the crown did breach the Treaty of Waitangi impacting the health agency and system towards Māori in a negative way. They need to compensate towards setting up primary and seconda ry healthcare system so that the Māori can access health services. The rate of child hospitalisation has been low in the Māori over the years, especially due to their cultural customs and beliefs which are not supported by non - Māori people. It is importan t to establish an understanding between the Māori and the non -Māori in the country so as to run a smooth health system which provides both Māori and non - Māori health outcomes. For a very long time, t he inaction of crown towards the health equit ies experie nced by the indigenous people of New Zealand has continued . Therefore, the recommendations that has been developed in this paper can be implemented to end institutional racism by upholding their promises regarding establishing legislative policies towards primary and secondary healthcare for supporting the Māori. 9 THE BREACH OF THE TREATY OF WAITANGI – IMPACTS ON MAORI HEALTe References Anaya, S. J. (2015). 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