Hospice Patients and their Family-Related Issues and Treatments: An Evidence-Based Analysis

Benefits of Palliative care and Hospice treatments among Community-dwelling adults

The literature review provides an appropriate evidence-based analysis of the topic. In this case, the main topic is Hospice patients and their family-related issues and treatments. According to the foundation of Hospice treatment, American, Indian and Alaska Natives have the most usability rate of this system. Some of the significant shreds of evidence from different works of literature are stated and discussed below.

According to Shalev et al. (2018), several benefits are related to palliative care and hospice treatments. The entire study focuses on the hospice treatments awareness, effectiveness and misperceptions among the community-dwelling adults.  Within the United States, the awareness is surprisingly low. 5% of the people getting admitted into a hospital is obligated from getting any hospice care. The serious illness in American society is common due to which the awareness of hospice care should be existent within the healthcare system, but most of the dying people are failing to get any hospice care. This impacts the well-being and lifestyle of dying patients and their families. The basic information is unavailable to the patients and their families in America.

Based on the research conducted by Kaye et al. (2020), the author has provided all the possible ways appropriate hospice care can be taken into consideration for children (patients) and their families. Through the utilization of hospice care, the healthcare systems successfully consider cross-sectional paediatric facilities. In this study, 71 hospice organisation-based communities were undertaken from 3 different states. From the analysis of different evidence and facts, the researcher concluded and found out that most hospice nurses do not get the appropriate educational program for their on-job training and development purposes. Due to this inefficiency, the children and communities in the United States and other countries are impacted. Not many countries consider hospice care as an effective plan.

Regarding the study of Tedder, Elliott & Lewis (2017), it is identified that rural patients face different barriers in implementing hospice care into their family's treatment. The lack of stability within the rural areas of India and America are impacting the impending reputation of hospice care as a whole. The entire research was conducted on a secondary ta analysis basis, which provided evidence and facts on the interrelation between barriers and PC or HC for the rural population. The rural population cannot access hospice treatment like other people in the cities. This impacts their rights into the healthcare system and their perceptions of the availability of treatment options.

Utilization of Hospice care for children and families

Chiang et al. (2018) have implemented the idea of hospice treatment intervention into ovarian cancer. The research has introduced several advanced technologies in the hospice treatment system. The intervention has identified the possible treatment interventions into the ovarian cancer patient's category with appropriate evidence. The healthcare costs, medical records and insurance costs were collected in this study or Taiwan patients from 1997 to 2011. Here, all the data is compared to the assumed alternatives in the case of the application of hospice care. The claims have contained different effects of ovarian cancer on the patients and their families. The researcher has analysed how hospice care can be provided to the cancer patients and help the families deal with it properly. Hospice care helps with the illness's emotional, financial, and physical impact. 

According to Johnson et al. (2018), the importance and ways of utilizing hospice care for Huntington's disease are analysed and discussed. Huntington's disease mainly causes progressive degeneration of Brain cells (nerve). This can make a person entirely dysfunctional, and psychiatric disorders may occur. According to the author, hospice care is a simple healthcare right of every person where they can implement better treatment strategies and utilize the existing characteristics of the patients to implement a developed mental piece. Enrolment of hospice care will help create a better mental space for the patient and the family. Hospice care will help improve the last days of terminally ill patients and take care of their families. The author has suggested that different Huntington patients consider hospice care minutely for better interventions of treatment and solutions.

Through the study associated by Bush, Tierney & Lawlor (2017), Delirium disease is considered for hospice care. Delirium is a rare brain dysfunction through neurocognitive syndrome. The patient and family distress can be reduced if they consider hospice care during their other direct treatments. With significance in the morbidity of the patients and the increasing mortality rate, hospice care might help provide association during their palliative care (Curimil, 2020). This clinical diagnosis put the patients and their families through unmeasurable distress where hospice care might help with a systematic and peaceful lifestyle. The author suggests through his study that hospice care might play a pivotal role in the well-being of the patients and their families.

    According to Huntington's disease, the clients and patients have a rare problem or condition of neurodegenerative disease, which can be fatal and extremely progressive. It has been analysed and identified through shreds of evidence that the life span from diagnosis to death is approximately 15 years on average (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2021). The major client conditions and problems are an abnormality in movement, changes in psychiatrists, characteristics, motor persistence, dystonia and cognitive declination (Leonard et al., 2020). 

Barriers in implementing Hospice care for rural patients

Goals and Objectives
    Based on the existing models of interventions, it can be identified that the client requirements are being met the medical requirements. However, from the perspective of lifestyle and emotional well-being, the patients did not gather much peace without the assistance of hospice care. The families were distressed throughout the treatment facilities. The interventions could not improve the patient's lifestyles during their last days. The families were exhausted without the help of the hospice (Cms.gov, 2021). Palliative care also concentrated on the valuable asset and their objectives regarding the care. Here, the SSD intervention created more vulnerable situations for the families and the patients.

Intervention Hypothesis
    The significant hypothesis related to the intervention is stated below for this study.
    H1: Hospice care is effective for the population (patients and their families) of the United States.
    H0: Hospice care is ineffective for the United States-based population (patients and families).  

SSD Types identification 
    SSD stands for Somatic Symptom Disorder, which implements the exaggerated anxiety of the patients related to the physical symptoms of Huntington's disease (Cms.gov, 2021). Here the identified SSD types are,
•    Anxiety
•    Physical disability
•    Pain
•    Dyspnea
•    Nausea
•    Depression
•    Suicidal Ideation
•    Auditory hallucinations

These are the probable and most common SSD types identified among Huntington's disease patients (Brizzi & Creutzfeldt, 2018).The data collection method is used within this study based on the hospice culture within the US healthcare system. The population of different Hospice centres in the US has been selected to be 101 patients with HD disease among 163052. The survey for this study is conducted by implementing statistical tools into the study (Cms.gov, 2021). The patients are selected based on their symptoms, health conditions and consent to participate in the study. This data collection method has helped differentiate between different stages of people facing different stages of difficulties related to their HD disease (Chiang et al., 2018). Their valuable and confidential mindsets related to the effectiveness of Hospice care is developing the base of the entire study.

Implementation of treatment
The best ways to implement treatments into the population through Hospice care are to provide care to every patient in the advanced stage.  The psychosocial disorder rates will tend to reduce after a certain time if history predicts the future (Kaye et al., 2019). In this way, more patients will die in a hospice care organization with comfort and peace rather than at home without appropriate care and management. The hospice workers will be a great asset to the patients and provide continuous physical and emotional support to the patients and their families (Cms.gov, 2021). Yet, hospice care would not be enough to reduce the US population's physical discomfort, pain, and mortality rate in this study.

Outcome analysis 
It is identified that 53% of the population have been within the larger hospice care centre for a longer period. Among the 101 patients, 17 died at home without hospice care, 27 died in an inpatient hospice setting, and 29 were involved in a long-term hospice facility before dying (Cms.gov, 2021). The family members stated the provision of care that the patients received. This showcases that hospice care has failed to reduce HR patients' morbidity and mortality rate. The physical pain is not reduced as well for the patients.