Addressing Depression in Low-Income Communities: Yalom's Factors and Cognitive Behavioral Theory

The Connection Between Poverty and Depression

1.Expert is doing just Letter (E)and advice  from the ABCD, I shared. Expert can alos look up Yaloms factors and include.

Advice states: list the article you used as you high ligh,write down what you will use it for and what topic it cover above. Topic is Depression. Kindly look up Yaloms factors on google search 

A. Issues our Demographic have
B. Demographics / Target Audience
C. Definition of our Issue
D. Theory Used 
E. Yaloms factors / relate them to the issues our demographic has
F. Procedures / Techniques we would like to use in the sessions
Advice- When you choose your articles, as you highlight, write down what you will use it for and what topic it will cover above. 

Part A
https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/addressing-poverty-and-mental-illness
Poverty for an extended period of time can lead to lower school achievement, higher rates of delinquency, 
Poverty in adults is linked to depression and anxiety, and suicide
Strong relationship between poverty line and mental health
Create mental problems that can prevent individuals from leaving poverty creating a cycle
It seems like counselors and clinicians are not asking the right questions about poverty to their clients, not letting them get help

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/01/170103134356.htm
Year longitudinal study looking at how poverty in childhood creates adverse effects in life
Children in the study had more antisocial behavior such as bullying, increased feeling of helplessness than middle income children
“If you're born poor, you're on a trajectory to have more of these kinds of physiological problems” - Gary Evans, author of study
Reason for this comes down to stress of being impoverished
Child and parents are under greater stress
Decreased short-term spatial memory
40% a son’s income will be the same as their father’s
Early intervention is the key says author, harder to intervene and help later in life

https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/report_2720/Spotlight-2720.html
Adults with mental illness under the poverty line may face extra health care costs, decreased productivity, and poorer health
2.5 million adults are both under the poverty line and have a serious mental illness

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7525587/
Mental health is shaped, in part, by the environment in which an individual grows up
In Scotland, 26% of impoverished individuals report mental illness compared to only 12% of individuals who are not in poverty
7.3% of children display abnormal behaviors, as described by their teachers compared to 3.6% of non impoverished children
20% of impoverished report borderline or abnormal levels of difficulty compared to 7% of non impoverished

Part B
Sample Group Description- Young adults in the low socio-economic group who are functional and low to moderate symptoms of depression. Cognitive Behavioral Theory
Advantages:
Focuses on identifying negative, automatic thinking patterns and utilizes a hypothesis testing approach to promote reappraisal of distorted cognitions
Develops realistic and balanced thoughts and by extension, changes their depressed mood.
Clients are taught to test the validity of their beliefs and interpretations through verbal discussion thereby feeling they are supported and not alone
CBT is best for treatment of mild to moderate depression
Very structured
Exploration of meaning of automatic thoughts
Connecting conditional assumptions rules and core beliefs
In summary, studies found improvement in the levels of depressive symptoms and social activity, but not physical activity, among low-income, medically ill older adults who received behavior therapy. (Source: Science direct)

Advantages:
Impact of stressful life events on well-being is mediated by one’s problem-solving attitudes and skills
Assumptions of problem-solving therapy is that psychological symptoms of depression and anxiety are often caused by an inability to solve practical problems. Thus, symptoms will improve when problem-solving ability is enhanced.
This theory is compatible for low to moderate depressive patients
It is suited for groups than an individual
Facilitative changes like brainstorming or selection and will reduce the likelihood that any one member will be stuck during processing
Helps understand conditions that contribute to treatment
Plays emphasis on both problem-solving orientation and the application of skills
Promotes decision making , solution implementation and verification.