Introduction to Psychology Quiz - Questions and Answers

Answered

What is psychology?

1. ______________ is the science of understanding individuals—animals as well as people.
2. ______________ can be best defined as the study of the relationship between bodily systems and chemicals and their relationship to behavior and thought.
3. ______________ psychology is the single largest subdiscipline in psychology.
4. ___________ entails collecting observations, or data, from the real world and evaluating whether those data support our ideas or not.
5. ___________ sciences study humans both as individuals and as groups.
6. ____________ helps draw a line between one's belief of the world and the actual reality.
7. A ____________ is a specific, informed, and testable prediction of what kind of outcome should occur under a particular condition.
8. A subset of a population is called a ___________.
9. Both ____________ and ____________ involve specific questions, usually asked in precisely the same way to each respondent.
10. A _____________ can be defined as a coiled-up thread of DNA.
11. A(n)____________ is a large coiled molecule that contains genes.
12. A(n) _____________ is a small segment of DNA that contains information for producing protein(s).
13. _________ can be defined as all the genetic information contained in DNA.
14. ____________ show their effect even if there is only one copy of that gene in the pair.
15. The extent to which a characteristic is influenced by genetics is termed as ____________.
16. Identical twins develop from:
17. The ________________ is the part of the nervous system that comprises the brain and spinal cord.
18. The _______________ serves the involuntary systems of the body, such as the internal organs and glands.
19. The main function of the _________________ is activating the body in times of emergency, for example, by increasing the heart rate, dilating the pupils of the eyes, or inhibiting digestion.
20. ________ is the stimulation of our sense organs by the outer world.
21. ________ is the act of organizing and interpreting sensory experience.
22. ________ is a clear, hard covering that protects the lens.
25. The colored part of the eye, which is called the _______, adjusts the pupil to control the amount of light entering the eye.
26. Which part of the eye is responsible for bending light rays so that light can be focused on the retina?
27. The cells in the retina (called rods and cones) that convert light energy into nerve energy are called _______.
28. The ___________ takes the longest amount of time to develop.
29. With learning and experience certain synaptic connections become stronger, whereas those that do not receive stimulation from the environment die off. This process is known as ___________.
30. Which of the following is true of human brain development?
31. Which of the following terms refers to the fatty insulation that makes nerve impulses travel f aster?
32. Jean Piaget pioneered theories in ____________ development.
33. When a child recognizes that objects continue to exist, even when they are no longer in sight, they have mastered the concept that Piaget referred to as:
34. According to Piaget, animistic thinking is a characteristic of the ___________ stage of cognitive development.
35. Which of the following acts as a stage for the main event of the brain at a given moment in time?
36. The monitoring of information from the environment and from one's own thoughts is termed as:
37. Which psychologist coined the term preconscious?
38. Jimmy is taking his 7th grade exam in which he is asked to give one word for a set of given explanations. Though he knows the words for the answer and is confident about recollecting them, he is unable to recall them at that particular time. Which of the following terms refer to Jimmy's experience?
39. The limited capacity to process information that is under conscious control best defines the term:
40. Which of the following do magic tricks take advantage of?
41. Which of the following refers to a phenomenon by which one fails to notice unexpected objects in her or his surroundings?
42. The body has an internal timekeeper located in the hypothalamus, called the _____, which regulates physiological activity on daily cycles.
43. Which hormone plays a role in relaxation and drowsiness in human beings?
44. What part of memory stores limited information long enough to remember a phone number before one dials it?
45. _____________ is the first step toward the creation of a long-term memory.
46. ______________ memory is short-term retention of sounds.
47. Which of the following senses lack their own processing regions?
48. Memory consolidation takes place in the:
49. _____ can be defined as the inability to retrieve some information that one once stored—say, a person’s name or an old phone number.
50. ______, in which retrieval of memories that have been encoded and stored is actively inhibited, is the unconscious act of keeping threatening thoughts, feelings, or impulses out of consciousness.
51. A journal article that has been evaluated by other experts in the field before publication has gone through _____ review.
52. The cocktail party effect BEST illustrates:
53. EEGs show that _____ waves occur during the first stage of sleep.
54. The hippocampus plays a role in memory consolidation. It is probably MOST accurate to say that the hippocampus is more involved in _____ than in _____.
55. Rod is to cone as _____ is to _____.
56. The suprachiasmatic nucleus is part of the hippocampus. T/F
57. The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher. T/F
58. Echoic memory lasts longer than iconic memory. T/F
59. Storage is the first step in the memory process. T/F
60. Each of the many odors people can distinguish stimulates a single, unique type of odor receptor.
61. Axons receive signals from other neurons. T/F
62. Frequency is to amplitude as _____ is to ______.
63. Glial cells outnumber neurons. T/F
64. Ivan Pavlov is associated with the study of classical conditioning. This means that he studied how:
65. Short-term memory is the first stage in the information-processing model of memory. T/F
66. Dogs see the world in black and white. T/F
67. Sensory and motor nerves make up the _____ nervous system.
68. Which method relies on questionnaires or interviews?
69. Warren's eyes are moving rapidly behind their lids. His legs and arms are paralyzed. Warren is showing signs of:
70. Which neurotransmitter is correctly matched with a psychological function?
71. A synapse is a:
72. Operant conditioning is based on associations between stimuli? T/F
73. Automatic processing is defined as the:
74. The thin layer of receptors at the back of the eye is called the:
75. "I swear I just heard my name": this experience exemplifies the cocktail party effect.