Mitosis and Meiotic Cycle: Stages, Processes, and Calculations

Stages of mitotic cell cycle for somatic cells

1. What are the three main stages of the mitotic cellcycle for a somatic cell?

2. How do the mitotic daughter cells resemble themother cell? 

3. Whichstage does the nuclear envelope disappear? 

4. Whichstage are two nuclei formed?

5. Which stage do the chromosomes line up alongthe equator? 

6. Whichstage do the spindles form?

Which stage separates the sister chromatids?

7.  Whichstage are daughter cells formed?

Which stage reforms the nuclei?

8. Whichstage are the chromosomes first seen?

9. Circle the processes that use mitosis creatinggametes embryo growing adult repairing a wound regenerating tissue.

Mitosis In Onion Root Tip

Let’s look at some mitotic cell divisions that occur in real life situations. Remember that mitotic cell divisions are continuously occurring in your body too.

In order to see what the chromosomes really look like, we will observe them in a plant specimen. Each team needs to obtain a light microscope and a prepared microscope slide of an Allium (onion) root tip. Observe the lower part of the root tip at the highest magnification. Remember to use the low power before the medium before the high objectives lens! The DNA and cell walls in these onion cells has been stained a dark color, while the cytoplasmic components will be clear. Look through the entire field of view and find examples of various mitotic stages.

Calculate the % of each mitotic phase in this area of the onion root.

Suppose that the entire cell cycle takes 1000 minutes, then how long is each phase?

Testicular Cancer

In 2006, how many cases of testicular cancer were there in US? What percent is this compared to the total cancer diagnoses? What ages do testicular cancer affect most commonly?

What is the common symptom of testicular cancer?

What is the lifetime risk of an US woman getting breast cancer? What are different ways to image breast lumps?

What percent of new breast cancer cases are in women younger than 45 years of age?

Which campaign shares real stories about young women who have been affected by breast cancer?

What can you do to reduce your risk of breast cancer?

Review of Meiotic Cycle
1.A diploid cell with 10 types of chromosomes is undergoing a meiotic cell division cycle.

a)How many DNA molecules are present at G1 in this cell? ___
b)How many DNA molecules are present at G2 in this cell? ___
c)How many DNA molecules are present in one daughter cell just after meiosis I?      
d)How many DNA molecules are present in one daughter cell just after meiosis II? ___

2.What chromosome formation is seen in Prophase I of meiosis, but would not be found in Mitotic prophase?     3.Does crossing over occur at Prophase I, Prophase II, or both? ____________
4.Why is crossing over important in the meiotic cycle?      
5.Does Random assortment of duplicated chromosomes occur at Metaphase I, Metaphase II, or both?

6.Why is random assortment important in the meiotic cycle?

7.After cytokinesis I, how many daughter cells are produced?      
8.After meiosis I, are the daughter cells haploid, diploid, or tetraploid?      
9.Does DNA synthesis occur just before Meiosis I, Meiosis II or both? __________________
10.After the entire meiotic cycle, how many gamete cells were produced from one diploid parental cell?

11.After meiosis II, are the gamete cells haploid or diploid?      
12.After the entire meiotic cycle, are there equal numbers of maternal and paternal chromosomes in one gamete? _____