• Types of databases
• Why are databases valuable assets for decision making
• Importance of database design
• How modern databases have evolved from file systems
• Flaws in file system data management
• Main components of the database system
• Main functions of a DBMS
• Data modeling
• Basic data-modeling building blocks
• Writing business rules
• Database design
• How data models have evolved
• Emerging alternative data models
• Classification of data models by their level of abstraction
• Relational database model basic component
• Logical view of entities and relations
• Relational database operators
• Data dictionary
• The system catalog
• Data redundancy
• Indexing
• Relational algebra concepts – Unary and Binary
• Entity Relationship Diagrams
• How entities and relationships are defined, refined, and incorporated into the database design process
• How ERD components affect database design and implementation
• Using flexible design to manage conflicting goals
• Characteristics of good primary key• Bottom-up approach to database design
• Role of normalization in the database design process
• Improving database structure
• Normalization process - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, and 4NF
• Using normalization and ER modeling concurrently to produce a good database design
• Some situations which require denormalization
• The basic commands and functions of SQL
• DDL – How to use SQL for data administration (to create tables and indexes)
• DML – How to use SQL for data manipulation (to add, modify, delete, and retrieve data)
• Queries – How to use SQL to query a database for useful information
• CRUD (Create, Retrieve, Update, Delete) operations
• Set operators UNION, UNION ALL, INTERSECT, MINUS
• Virtual tables/ Views,
• Virtual Columns
Understanding stored procedures –
• PL/SQL,
• Functions,
• Scalar data types,
• Anchored data types.
• Exception Handling.