Statistical Analysis of Medication Adherence, Cholesterol Management,and Disease Diagnosis

Medication Adherence and Persistence

Q1. Based on a data published by Barba and colleagues in Patient Preference and Adherence journal about Medication adherence and persistence in type 2 diabetes mellitus: perspectives of patients, physicians and pharmacists on the Spanish health care system.

 

Use or copy and paste this link in your browser to download the article:

 

a. Identify each variable listed in Table 2 of this article, if it is a discrete, continuous, nominal, ordinal, interval, dependent or independent/outcome variable? (10 points)

b. Provide the name of statistical test you would choose to compare the differences in mean age of physicians and pharmacists and difference in the proportion of gender between physicians and pharmacists group? (2 points)

c. The mean age of patients with hyperlipidemia in population was known 56 years with a SD of 12 yrs. Whereas, the mean age in the sample of 675 patients was 64 yrs.

Does this sample support the hypothesis that the mean age of patients with hyperlipidemia is significantly different than the mean age in population? Use 5 steps of hypothesis-testing to answer this question. (5 points)

Q2. Refer to Table No. 1 in the article by Tsuyuki RT, Johnson JA, Teo KK, et al. A Randomized Trial of the Effect of Community Pharmacist Intervention on Cholesterol Risk Management:

a. Is there is significance difference in mean age for patients in usual care and intervention group? Use 5 Steps of hypothesis testing to answer this question.
(5 points)

b. Calculate 95%CI and provide its interpretation? (2 points)

c. Refer to the Table 2 of the same article and choose appropriate statistical test to determine if there is significance difference in primary end point (performance of cholesterol management program) between usual care and intervention group?

I. Present a contingency table for this data (2 points)

II. Use 5 Steps of hypothesis testing to answer this question. Choose appropriate statistical test to determine if there is significance difference in the primary end point (performance of lipid management program) between usual care and intervention group? (5 points)

 

Q3. A study was conducted to investigate the clinical pharmacist’s impact on improving cholesterol levels in stroke patients through a Medication Therapy
Management (MTM) program. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of 30 patients were recorded before starting of MTM program and after 3 months of monitoring by a clinical pharmacist.

 

a. Is there a significant difference between pre and post LDL levels? Analyzed above data using 5 steps hypothesis-testing (5 points).

b. Calculate 95% confidence interval and explain your results? (2 points)

c. Present and compare both pre and post levels of LDL using class intervals in one histogram. (2 points)

d. Present and compare both pre and post levels of LDL in one box plot. (2 points)

Q4. The prevalence of breast cancer was 10% in a population of 2,000 women. Out of 340 women who had positive mammogram, 160 were diagnosed with breast cancer.

a. Present a contingency table. (2 points)

b. Calculate the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of this mammogram? (8 points)

c. How would you interpret these results? (4 points)

 

Q.5. A study was conducted to determine if there is a correlation between the duration of Schizophrenia and disease severity using Clinical Global Impression –
Severity (CGI-S) scale.

 

A CGI-S of greater than 7 implies most extremely ill patient, 6 as severely ill, 5 as markedly ill, 4 as moderately ill, 3 as mildly ill, 2 as borderline as mentally ill, and 1 as normal.

 

a. Explain the strength and direction of the relationship between duration of Schizophrenia and disease severity measured by CGI-S? (2 points)

b. Compute the correlation coefficient? (2 points)

c. What degree of the variability in disease severity measured by CGI-S can be explained by duration of schizophrenia? (2 points)

d. What is the slope and y-intercept for a regression line based on this data? (4 points)

e. Predict the disease severity measured by CGI-S for patient having Schizophrenia for 16years? (2 points)

f. Present a scatter plot for this data. (2 points)