Health Factors and Risk Factors in India and Senegal

You Will Identify The Two Countries You Would Like To Use To Create Your Project. You Must Obtain Instructor Approval For Your Choice Of Countries. Do Not Proceed To Work On This Project Without Your Instructor's Approval.

Health systems in India and Senegal are developing in every aspect. Each of the country's health system is different from each other. There are many health problems of the people in these countries and people are affected by many diseases. There are a number of risk factors through which the people get affected badly and the treatment procedure is very different in each country. In India, there is a section of people who have private healthcare facilities whereas another section doesn’t have any such facility of healthcare. Senegal has different healthcare facilities, It is divided into state, regional and peripheral. Many people die each year in their country due to various factors and we have tried to explain these factors for death and the reasons for the healthcare problem.

So, in this assignment, we have tried to bring out all the possible factors of the health industry in both the countries and the risk factors of the health in both the countries.

A country's healthcare system is influenced by several factors such as demographics, economics, lifestyle, culture, values, and social determinants. Health inequities are prevalent in many developing countries due to its strong impact on the lifestyle of the people, which affects the healthcare systems. A person 's monetary income affects their healthcare accessibility and the government's policy and decision making skills play an important part in the development of health care systems.

The health systems of every country differ in terms of the government, the target population, economic development and healthcare management (World Health Organization, 2019). Countries like Australia, Canada, Kuwait, Brazil, Bahrain, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Spain and a few other countries have a universal government-funded health system. Countries like Albania, Belgium, Iran, Japan, Czech Republic, France and the United Arab Emirates have a universal public insurance system. Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Germany, Israel, Mexico and Turkey have a universal public-private insurance system. Countries with universal private health insurance systems include Liechtenstein, Netherlands and  Switzerland, and countries like Egypt, India, Jordan, Indonesia, United States and Ethiopia have a non-universal insurance system  (Who.int, 2019).

The health care system in India is a non-universal insurance system in which a part of the population has private healthcare insurance, few are eligible for subsidiary public health care and the others are not provided any healthcare insurance. In India, the state government is responsible for the provisions of healthcare and not the central government. The primary duties of the governing body are to raise the standard of nutrition and living, including the improvement of public health. The parliament of India has endorsed many policies and legislations for the welfare of the country and one of them was National Health Policy in 1983. It was updated in 2002 and then later in 2017, which mentioned the issue of increasing non-communicable diseases, planning of strong and efficient healthcare system with a sustainable expenditure and a rapidly growing economy to enable fiscal capacity. In 2018, a government-funded project known as Ayushman Bharat was launched for providing health insurance to the public. The total expenditure by the government was 3.89% for healthcare in the year 2015 (Patel et al., 2017).

Risk Factors

The healthcare system of Senegal is divided into three parts such as central, regional and peripheral levels. The central level has the ministerial office and the related branches, the regional level is also known as the regional level because the administrative level follows the concerns related to healthcare and the peripheral level has districts with one health center and other smaller centers, so it is known as the health district. The national health system has regional hospitals, district health centers, and health posts. The rural areas have been provided health care services known as health centers, health posts and health points the chronological order of importance. The common barriers found in this healthcare system are the lack of awareness, poor communication, decreasing the number of health care workers and sociopolitical barriers that reduces the efficiency of Senegal's healthcare system  (Nagai et al., 2017).

In India, it has been observed that tuberculosis,  respiratory diseases, malaria, cardiovascular diseases, diarrheal diseases, malignant and another kind of tumors are some leading diseases. Respiratory infections, hepatitis A,  malaria, typhoid fever are predominant among the people of Senegal(Seck et al.,2017).  Different types of risk factors  (such as behavioral, physiological, demographic, environmental and genetic ) can cause health issues in a population. Risk factors for tuberculosis in India are infected with HIV, diabetes Mellitus, low body weight and lack of nutrition. In India, pulmonary or respiratory diseases are caused by some predominant risk factors such as smoking, occupational exposure to dust and chemicals, exposure to the poisoned gases and family history related to lung diseases. For malaria, some risk factors can be selected, such as low utilization of insecticidal treated bed nets or mosquito nets, indoor residual spray, mosquito repellents in daily lives. Stagnant water sites are predominantly,  lack of maintenance of drainage systems are some environmental risk factors for malaria as mosquitoes are prone to breed in these sites. Tobacco smoking, high blood pressure and obesity are some predominant risk factors for health diseases in Senegal. Women, children and older adults are considered vulnerable populations in Senegal. The tribal communities are regarded as a vulnerable population with the above-discussed population in India. 2.74 million cases of tuberculosis are found every year in India, and this disease is one of the highest-rated illnesses in India (Muttamba et al.,2019). In 2014, 5-24 cases per 1000 were found in Senegal. COPD  is the second highest cause of death in India, and approximately 1 million patients were affected in 2017 by this disease  (apps.who.int, 2020).  In 2015, the outbreak of Chikungunya wad observed in Senegal. Ministry of Health and Social Affairs collaborated with WHO to defend the active circulation of the chikungunya virus.

According to a report, in Senegal approximately on average, 10000 people have died every year.  Due to  COPD, 100000 people are been killed among both the sexes and the standardized age for COPD mortality is 64.7 years. WHO estimated that around 15000 deaths are observed per year in India and near about 5000 children and 10000 adults. 121 deaths per 1000 in 2005 and 58% drop can be found from 2005 to 2016.

In  India, 61% of disease originates from communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases (Lobato & Mello, 2018). Since 1990, 1.5 to 2.6 million cases are recorded, and 1000 deaths per year. 2.2 million cases of tuberculosis for India, and out of 9.6 million cases in global incidence 1.6 million people died in Senegal, and 140 cases were recorded out of every 100000 inhabitants.

Conclusion

After completing the assignment, health problems play an important role in the country. There is a number of diseases in both India and Senegal. Both countries are developing but they need to change their health system and try to incorporate new practices. In both the countries of India and Senegal, there are major risk factors that are causing the death of many people. Both in India and Senegal, all the people should get health checkups and the government should take up initiatives for the betterment of their health and the government should also impose some restriction on the use of smoking and drinking free which is a bigger risk factor for so much disease in the country. To reduce the risk of health care the government should give the people for better living and giving basic amenities so that they won't have to be infected through any disease. The hospital should also check that every patient should be equally treated and given the best treatment.

References

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