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100 Word Essay On Comparative Analysis Of The American Health Care System

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Introduction

The health care system is defined as a method in which health care is financed, organized and delivered to the population. This entails avenues of access, expenditure and resource utilization. The fundamental goal of the health care system is to enhance the overall health of the population by meeting their needs. In developed nations advances have been made concerning infrastructure, products, education and monetary resources being deployed in the health care system. The focus has been on both conventional and naturopathic avenues of care delivery. In this assessment review of the United States of America and Australia, the health care system shall be focussed. Aspects of similarities, differences and strengths are reviewed in this context.

Australian Health Care System

The Australian health care system has been rated as one of the best in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and development arena. There is an existence of a highly developed ad structured health care system. Health care services are delivered to individuals, organizations and other entities. Funding for health care in Australia is largely based on government funding, state and local government avenues and other privacy-related health insurance. Despite these positive attributes reports have indicated that the Australian Health care System faces various inefficiencies and workforce short comes. Despite this, the public demand for services and care is huge in the population (Dixit & Sambasivan, 2018).

American Healthcare System

The American health care system is largely funded by distinct organizations. Health care facilities are largely operated by the private sector community. It is estimated that about 58% of the community hospitals in the united states are for nonprofit, while 21% are government-owned and 21% are for profit. The health care system is unique and rated among advanced state, it lacks a universal health coverage system (Karen et al., 2014).

Similarities

Australia health care system has a 2-tier system; public and private (OECD, 2017). All the citizens have the eligibility to receive high-quality care for free for both in-patient and outpatient care. This includes all medical emergencies through Medicare processes. The majority of the persons pay out pocket medical costs in the community which is rebated by Medicare. Further, the government provides subsidies for private insurances for families. All Australians pay 2% of Medicare income tax levy which an additional 1% is added to high-income earners.

In the USA, the majority of the population obtains private insurances from the employees if they have full employment. The available insurance policies have variations in terms of their level, dedications, and co-payments, thus patients are still subjected to out of pockets payments (Kane, 2012).

Differences

The underlying difference in both countries lies in the medication funding process. In Australia, the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme has capped the out of pocket medication costs for all Australians. In the USA, patients rely on medications funded through private insurances. The eligibility of coverage often varies depending on the insurers and this puts a greater risk of being responsible for full payment costs. In the USA medications are funded by private insurance companies. The eligibility for funding varies across the insurers and at times they find themselves covering the total costs which cripple them financially.

Strengths

Fundamental strengths in the Australian health care system are that the federal government plays a crucial role in establishing a framework for health care and is essential in framing policies towards the allocation of money in the health care system (Alraga, 2017). In the USA, the adoption of an integrated delivery system has gained popularity and informed major strength in the health care system. In this framework, the providers and insurers share the risks to provide a value of care (Cohen et al., 2017).

Weaknesses

American Health care system does not offer coverage to the entire nation’s population. Rather the majority of the citizens get a combination of private insurances ad federal and state programs funding the medical care. in 2017, health insurance was obtained from a group plan linked to employers covering about 150 million people. Other sources entailed Medicaid, covering 70 million persons, Medicare covers 50 million and health insurance market place covering about 17 million. Summation of these insurances schemes leaves the majority of the population not covered thus at risk of out of pocket payments weakening their financial power.

Similarly, the Medicare insurance program in Australia covers a huge proportion of primary and allied related health care services. The government contributes about 67% through Medicare programs. The rest of the Medicare costs are funded by the individuals’ persons. Thus Medicare is not a universal service covering the general population but covers the majority of the Australia population health care costs leaving a portion of funding on out pocket of pocket avenues.

Conclusion

Health care systems in both countries have varied strengths and similarities. Generally, both systems strive to provide care services to the population. This assessment has illustrated some of the basic similarities, differences, and strengths towards providing health coverage to the general populations.  

Essay part 2

Introduction

The health care system is defined as a method in which health care is financed, organized and delivered to the population. The ultimate goal of a health care system is to improve the health of the population. At the onset of the 21st century, access to health care has been viewed as a greater good by the United Nations towards the provision of human rights. This has been enhanced through avenues such as access, expenditure and resource utilization. In developed nations advances have been made concerning infrastructure, products, education and monetary resources being deployed in the health care system. A critical review of the health care system entails considerations of ways in which any system addresses the commonly shared values. The fundamental extent to which the various factors address the unique culture and country history is an essential process. Some of the population setups have emphasized the context of disease prevention while others have focussed on curative perspectives. The focus has been on both conventional and naturopathic avenues of care delivery. In this assessment review of the United States of America and Australia, the health care system shall be focussed. Aspects of similarities, differences and strengths are reviewed in this context.  

Australian And American Health Care System

The Australian health care system has been rated as one of the best in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and development States arena. There is an existence of a highly developed and structured health care system. Health care services are delivered to individuals, organizations and other entities. Funding for health care in Australia is largely based on government funding, state and local government avenues and other private related health insurance. Despite these positive attributes reports have indicated that the Australian Health care System faces various inefficiencies and workforce short comes. Despite this, the public demand for services and care is huge in the population (Dixit & Sambasivan, 2018).

The American health care system is largely funded by distinct organizations. Health care facilities are largely operated by the private sector community. It is estimated that about 58% of the community hospitals in the United States are for nonprofit, while 21% are government own and 21% are for profit. The health care system is unique and rated among advanced state; it lacks a universal health coverage system (Karen et al., 2014).

Similarities

An analysis of private and public control is similar in both countries. All governments have a similar degree of association in the health care linked to the central funding agency. The involvement of governments has often revolved around the creation of an appropriate environment for health care to thrive. The health care systems have shown varying degrees in terms of the extent of public and private control. The majority of the member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development is dominated primarily but the public sector. Australia health care system has a 2-tier system; public and private (OECD, 2017). All the citizens have the eligibility to receive high-quality care for free for both in-patient and outpatient care. This is including all medical emergencies through Medicare processes. The majority of the persons pay out pocket medical costs in the community which is rebated by Medicare. Further, the government provides subsidies for private insurances for families. All Australians pay 2% of Medicare income tax levy which an additional 1% is added to high-income earners.

A higher proportion of the health care system in the USA is largely private sector accounting for about 56% of the healthcare-related expenditure. This is fundamental concerning coverage of health care costs which have variations depending on the insurer. Patient and professional autonomy is dominant in the USA. The majority of the population obtains private insurances from the employees if they have full employment. The available insurance policies have variations in terms of their level, dedications, and co-payments, thus patients are still subjected to out of pockets payments (Kane, 2012).

Another fundamental similarity is concerned with rising healthcare-related costs. The USA is spending about a trillion dollars in health care with the number being projected to grow even larger in the future due to the growing aging population. In Australia, there has been increased spending by about 74% in the recent decade compared to the growth of the GDP by about 46%. Similarly to the USA, the costs are rising due to the aging population. This rising cost in health care for persons enrolled in the federal programs is increasing accounting for about 26% of the overall federal government spending (OECD, 2015). Thus both countries are experiencing similar rising costs in health care and an increasing population of the aging population.

Differences

The Australian and US health care system has been observed to be complex with varied models of care and practice. The Australian Medicare system is often underpinned by the median bank. The media bank system offers a universal health coverage system that provides subsidy treatment programs between public hospitals and rebates for consultation services. Private health insurance covers have the option of using private hospitals for procedures. The funding model in Australian is complex, the contributions emanate from the federal states and state governments, individual out of pocket avenues and insurance companies while the US is trying to improve on the efficiency of the systems. In the USA, the health care system is varied; health care funding is obtained from the insurance plans through private avenues or sourced from government avenues. The Medicaid and Medicare programs are jointly funded by federal governments and individual states thus the patient coverage has differing avenues depending on the state (Jones, Seoane, Deichmann & Kantrow, 2011). More precisely, the Australia spending costs covers about half the overall percentages of the GDP compared to the USA, which further the latter spending large sums of money in health care yet about 16% of the population, are not insured.

Further, the underlying difference in both countries lies in the drug’s medication funding process. In Australia, the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme has capped the out of pocket medication costs for all Australians. In the USA, patients rely on medications funded through private insurances. The eligibility of coverage often varies depending on the insurers and this puts a greater risk of being responsible for full payment costs. In the USA medications are funded by private insurance companies. The eligibility for funding varies across the insurers and at times they find themselves covering the total costs which cripple them financially (Kaiser, 2014).

In terms of professional roles, the Australian health care system recognizes general practitioners as the overall patient care managers in the health care arena. The general practitioner offers direct referrals to specialists, while in the US patients have the right to refer themselves to any specialist thus differing from the Australian system. In the US there is a range of specialists who provide specialized care such as family practitioners, gynecologists and obstetrics, general internal medicine and even pediatrics. In the larger health care system, the primary care physicians offer coordination on the medical care of the patient. In Australia however, the scope of the physician’s practices are varied depending on the structure of practice (Jones, Seoane, Deichmann & Kantrow, 2011).

Strengths

In the USA the implementation of President Obama Affordable Care Act has brought significant changes in the health care system. Fundamental provisions in the ACA act have been geared towards expanding access and coverage to health care, increasing the protection of consumers, enhancing wellness and prevention avenues, promotion of evidence-based care practices and improving administrative efficiencies to curb the increasing costs of health care. Effective implementation of the ACA offers an effective cornerstone of reducing health care costs and increasing access coverage by the general population. Similarly, the introduction of electronic health records in Australia has aided the personal controlled electronic health record for the citizens. The system tracts the patient’s prescription and care process and offering track alerts errors during prescription minimizing the adverse effects of drug errors. Entrenching this avenue in the health care system is a fundamental way of improving the overall care process of the population and increasing the quality of care offered. This offers an avenue for tracking down the medication process of patients and allowing for planning purposes, thus making the health care system to be objective in the long term (Smith, J. C., & Medalia, 2014).

Fundamental strengths in the Australian health care system are that the federal government plays a crucial role in establishing a framework for health care and is essential in framing policies towards the allocation of money in the health care system (Qutub, Al‐Jewair & Leake, 2009). In the USA, the adoption of an integrated delivery system has gained popularity and informed major strength in the health care system. In this framework, the providers and insurers share the risks to provide the value of care (Cohen et al., 2017).

Weaknesses

American Health care system does not offer coverage to the entire nation’s population. Rather the majority of the citizens get a combination of private insurances ad federal and state programs funding the medical care. In 2017, health insurance was obtained from a group plan linked to employers covering about 150 million people. Other sources entailed Medicaid, covering 70 million persons, Medicare covers 50 million and health insurance market place covering about 17 million. Summation of these insurances schemes leaves the majority of the population not covered thus at risk of out of pocket payments weakening their financial power (Johnson et al., 2017). Similarly, the Medicare insurance program in Australia covers a huge proportion of primary and allied related health care services. The government contributes about 67% through Medicare programs. The rest of the Medicare costs are funded by the individuals’ persons. Thus Medicare is not a universal service covering the general population but covers the majority of the Australia population health care costs leaving a portion of funding on out pocket of pocket avenues (AIHW, 2018).

The introduction of the rebates system in Australia has grown into sharp criticism as an unfair system to only those who can afford health care insurance with an aim of the money being spent better in public health centers. Proponents of this system have argued that the private health care system offers guaranteed sustainability for the future. This has called for an analysis of the overall design of the rebates system towards enhancing a sustainable framework in health care for the population health (Johnson, Stoskopf & Shi., 2017). In the US, care coordination portrays significant challenges towards access to health care. The majority of the patients and providers often experience problems linked to care coordination. This deteriorating aspect in the care system has been linked to how patients and doctors view the health care system. This mismatch puts a potential risk to the overall access to health care across the population (Fenton, Jerant, Bertakis  & Franks, 2012).

Conclusion

Health care systems in both countries have varied strengths and similarities. Generally, both systems strive to provide care services to the population. This assessment has illustrated some of the basic similarities, differences, and strengths towards providing health coverage to the general populations. Australian health care system offers a wide range of services and allows for faster access among the various population settings. On the other end, the USA medical system offers significant challenges despite the heavy investment indebted to it.

References

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2018). Australia’s Health 2018. Australia’s Health. 16. AIHW.

Cohen, G. R., Jones, D. J., Heeringa, J., Barrett, K., Furukawa, M. F., Miller, D., … & Fraze, T. (2017). Leveraging diverse data sources to identify and describe US health care delivery systems. eGEMs5(3).

Dixit, S. K., & Sambasivan, M. (2018). A review of the Australian healthcare system: A policy perspective. SAGE open medicine6, 2050312118769211.

Fenton, J. J., Jerant, A. F., Bertakis, K. D., & Franks, P. (2012). The cost of satisfaction: a national study of patient satisfaction, health care utilization, expenditures, and mortality. Archives of internal medicine172(5), 405-411.

Johnson, J. A., Stoskopf, C., & Shi, L. (2017). Comparative health Systems. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jones, P. D., Seoane, L., Deichmann, R., & Kantrow, C. (2011). Differences and similarities in the practice of medicine between Australia and the United States of America: challenges and opportunities for The University of Queensland and the Ochsner Clinical School. Ochsner Journal11(3), 253-258.

Qutub, A. F., Al‐Jewair, T. S., & Leake, J. L. (2009). A comparative study of the health care systems of Canada and Saudi Arabia: lessons and insights. International dental journal59(5), 277-283.

Smith, J. C., & Medalia, C. (2014). Health insurance coverage in the United States: 2013. Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census.

Hi, I am Mark, a Literature writer by profession. Fueled by a lifelong passion for Literature, story, and creative expression, I went on to get a PhD in creative writing. Over all these years, my passion has helped me manage a publication of my write ups in prominent websites and e-magazines. I have also been working part-time as a writing expert for myassignmenthelp.com for 5+ years now. It’s fun to guide students on academic write ups and bag those top grades like a pro. Apart from my professional life, I am a big-time foodie and travel enthusiast in my personal life. So, when I am not working, I am probably travelling places to try regional delicacies and sharing my experiences with people through my blog. 

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