Understanding Quantitative And Qualitative Research In Online Tutoring Business Essay.

1. Briefly explain the worldview that is linked with quantitative research.

2. Briefly explain the worldview that is linked with qualitative research.

3. Draft your own business research question that could be addressed in a quantitative study.

4. Draft your own business research question that could be addressed in a qualitative study.

5. Read the article by Bobek et al. (2017) and answer the following questions:
a. Explain whether this study’s approach is quantitative or qualitative and provide two pieces of information from the article to justify your reasoning.
b. What is the research design?

c. Is the hypothesis written in the null or alternative format, explain your answer?
d. Is the hypothesis directional or nondirectional, explain your answer?
e. What argument do the authors provide to explain their expected hypothesis?
f. What is the population from which participants were drawn?
g. What are the main variables in the study and how have they been operationalised?
h. Discuss two factors that contribute to the article being a well written piece of research.

6. Read the article by Bartlett et al. (2016) and answer the following questions:
a. What type of research design has been used?
b. This study uses a 2 x 6 plan, who makes up the six groups?
c. Briefly explain the intervention that has been applied to one group and not the other group.
d. A manipulation test has been done in this study, explain the purpose of a manipulation test.
e. Define the term control variable.

f. What control variables have been identified in the study?
g. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of using students in this study.

7. a. Distinguish between content and construct validity.
b. What is the purpose of a variable in a quantitative study?
c. What is the difference between a mediating and moderating variable?

8. Correct the following references so that they comply with Harvard referencing.
a. Book Given, L. [2016], “100 questions (and answers) about qualitative research” Sage.
b. An article
Daff, L. (2012). Lessons from successes in medical communication training and their applications to accounting education. Accounting Education: An International Journal, 21(385-405).
c. A chapter in a book
Amernic, J., 2013. Perspectives On the Role of Metaphor, in: Jack, L., Davison, J., Craig, R. (Eds.), Routledge Companion to Accounting
Communication. Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon, pp. 94-108.
d. An article on a web site.
Daff, L (2017), “Accountants and their Intra-Organisational Communication in the Not-For-Profit (NFP) Sector”, available at:
https://confidentcommunicators.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/executivesummary-of-doctorate.pdf, (accessed 10/02/2017).

The Importance of Quantitative Research in Online Tutoring Business

1. Quantitative research is used for generating results by using data that can be analysed or that can be converted into statistics. It is used for quantification of any aspect like attitude, behaviour, opinion etc. The data can be collected by various methods. It is one of the most prominent method of research based accounting and is widely used.

2. Qualitative method is the primary type of research, that is used to understand why certain groups are behaving the way they do. It helps in understanding the main reasons behind specific problems, and helps in development of ideas and methodologies. It is useful in understanding the why of certain issues and problems.

3. In case of business of online tutoring, qualitative questions can be formed as –

How many students prefer online coaching, to face to face coaching among a group of 100 students? The main idea is to quantify the number of students who will be in favour of the business. This is a method of research, to underatnd how well our business is performing.

4. In case of business of online tutoring, qualitative question can be formed as –

Why the students will prefer online tutoring to offline face-to-face classes? The main idea is to understand the reasons and develop an insight into the preferences of the people.This is done to understand why people will prefer what we are offering (Nilson 2017).

5. a) The study research is qualitative in nature. It is done to understand the perception of CPAs to the exsisting ethical standards in organisations and examine the current ethical trend in accountancy. It is qualitative in nature, because it is done to understand the main reason why CPAs are affected by the ethical standards. Second, it is helping in developing an insight into the sand issue, and is an experiment to understand the main cause.The research based system is followed in it to know why so many people are opting for better work environment then high paying jobs(Hall 2016).

b) The research design consists of collecting data about  a large number of CPAs from different walks of life also the samples were drawn that were effective enough in representing a specific group of CPAs and also drew statements that were specific to particular organisations.

c) The hypothesis is written in null form, where importance has been given to the work, the ethical environment, and every CPA or the professional has been asked to keep that factor in mind while planning for particular audit

The Importance of Qualitative Research in Online Tutoring Business

d) The hypothesis is a directional hypothesis because it is based on particular assumptions and is vouching the importance of ethical environment in work related places for the professionals.

e) The authors have extensive research on the importance of ethical environment in case of analysis and have presented their hypothesis based on it. They have collected data on the importance of the same from various accounting bodies(Bromwich & Scapens 2016).

f) The participants are drawn from a survey result consisting of 904 CPAs. The participants’ ages were mid-career, 30s and 40s

g) The main variables in the study are the organisations in which CPAs work, that demand high ethical background. In addition, the CPAs  working in different companies. They are operationalised by collecting specific data from various fields and then infusing the demand of the CPAs with those of the organisation and the need of strong ethical background.

h) The article is a well-written piece of research because all the factors have been collected from various areas and the same has been described clearly. The authors have targeted no specific group of CPAs, different age group and types have been considered. In addition, the control variables have been properly applied that makes the analysis more clear and precise(Chiapello 2017).

6. a) The paper has been designed to analyse the willingness of the professionals to work in Internal auditing department or in some other career options. It is an examination-based research where a 2*6 plan has been designed to verify the willingness of the professionals.

b) The paper is using a 2*6 group, where 6 represents the business professionals who are not willing to work in the internal audit department and are ready to switch career options. The data has been collected from 502 business students from several universities.

c) The main intervention that was applied top one group was that high scoring students were not interested in getting into the field of auditing, as there is less growth in comparison to other business professionals. This is the main intervention that is applied to one group in comparison to the other. Also in case of internal auditing, it was specifically included that the jobs were for large companies, or companies that outsource work to large companies.

d) The main purpose of the manipulation test was to find out how many people were willing to go for the internal auditor jobs and how many were going for the other general jobs, for that data of students from various universities was selected and was put to test.

Examples of Qualitative Questions in Online Tutoring Business

e) A control variable is that does not change while making an analysis of a group of variable. It is a constant factor that does not changes in scientific experimentation. It is an unchanging comparison standard. It remains unchanged throughout the entire experimentation.

f) The main control factor in this analysis was the “employee” label that remains unchanged throughout the entire analysis, while other factors kept on changing depending on the type of design and experimentation, from different jobs to candidates from different backgrounds.

g) The main advantage of suing students in the study is that they do not have any work experience as for now; hence, whatever choice they make it will be it will be unbiased. The main disadvantage will be that since they are having no previous experience they might not be able to make the right choices, and hence we will not be able to judge the validity of the jobs depending on how other professional perceive the same.

7. a) Content validity is the measure of how much a single element is able to represent the characteristics of a particular group. It may be both rational and non-rational. It often precedes criterion validity. It is an important aspect of measurement, because if we fail to choose the right elements than there is no point in the entre analysis. Construct validity is a measurement of the success of a trait to measure as precisely as possible. What is intended and not beat around the bush. For example, if the construct is drawn to measure up depression, then it should measure that and not the related terms like stress, OCD etc. Construct validity are of two types, convergent validity and discrimant validity. When the results are in alignment of the Desired facts then it are construct validity and when it is nowhere related, it is divergent validity (Smith 2017) 

b) Variable forms the basis of any research. A research is conducted depending on the variables.  A variable can be anything, any idea, fact, object related to any category that we are measuring, In case of research there are two types of variable, independent and dependent. It is important to choose the right type of variable that represents the category that we are trying to measure. Variable keeps on changing, and there are different kinds of variables(Guragai et al. 2017)

c)

8. a) Given, L 2016, 100 questions (and answers) about qualitative research, Sage.

b) Daff, L 2012, ' Lessons from successes in medical communication training', Accounting Education: An International Journal, vol 21, pp. 385-405

c) Amernic, J, Jack, L, Davison, J & Craig, R 2013, 'Perspectives On the Role of Metaphor', in Routledge Companion to Accounting, Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon.

d) Daff, L 2017, Accountants and their Intra-Organisational Communication, viewed 10 February 2017,

<https://confidentcommunicators.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/executive-summary-of-doctorate.pdf>.

Bromwich, M & Scapens, RW 2016, 'Management Accounting Research: 25 years on', Management Accounting Research, vol 31, pp. 1-9.

Chiapello, E 2017, 'Critical accounting research and neoliberalism', Critical Perspectives on Accounting, vol 43, pp. 47-64.

Guragai, B, Hunt, NC, Neri, MP & Taylor, EZ 2017, 'Accounting Information Systems and Ethics Research: Review, Synthesis, and the Future', Journal of Information Systems: Summer 2017, vol 31, no. 2, pp. 65-81.

Hall, M 2016, 'Realising the richness of psychology theory in contingency-based management accounting research', Management Accounting Research, vol 31, pp. 63-74.

Hoque, Z, Parker, LD, Covalesk, MA & Haynes, K 2017, The Routledge Companion to Qualitative Accounting Research Methods, Routledge, NY.

Nilson, LB 2017, Teaching at Its Best: A Research-Based Resource for College Instructors, 4th edn, Jossey Bass, San francisco.

Smith, M 2017, Research Methods in Accounting, 4th edn, Sage Publications, London.