Biology

Red Blood Cells and their FunctionBlood found in humans as well as other species transports waste products of metabolism aside from the cells while also delivering requisite nutrients around the body as well as oxygen. Blood cells dissolved in plasma or serum make up that very same substance. Plasma is the major medium for excretion product and transportation mostly has been major amount of liquid or water, w...

Metabolic Reactions and Their Regulation1. A cell consists of various molecules or substances used during metabolic activity, known as metabolites catalyzed by various enzymes. Several factors explain the relationship between metabolites and the activity of enzymes as enzymes act as catalysts that control or regulate the rate of reaction or metabolic activity (Fernie, et al, 2012).This chemical transformation of one metabolite into another is ...

Vasoconstriction functionVasoconstriction function: Vasoconstriction is one type of condition where the space or volume inside the afflicted blood vessels is decreased. Flow of blood is lowered when volume of blood vessel is contracted. At the very same period, resistance of flow of blood or force is elevated. Blood pressure rises because of this (bbc.uk 2021). Vasodilation function: Vasodilation is the method of in elevating blood circulatio...

The Process of Cell Cycle and MitosisBackground Cell cycle is the process in which a cell prepares to divide and successfully divides into two or four daughter cells. When two daughter cells are produced, mitosis is the process of cell division. On the other hand, when four haploid daughter cells are produces, meiosis is the process of cell division. Mitosis has been found to take place in most of the living organisms including bacteria and p...

The UK Market and Enterprise Culture The UK market is considered one of the top spots for venturing into new startups as the entrepreneurs are clocking towards the major cities of the United Kingdom. Eventually, London has become one of the known centres for enterprise cultures, and thus, London has been accountable for large numbers of businesses, and it has risen to 18.7% of the total number of a startup in the country. As per the data of 2018...

Applications of Histological Staining in PathologyHistological staining is a key feature of tissue preparation. It is done after the tissue biopsy has been fixed, cleared, embedded and sectioned (Alturkistani et al 2016, p.72.). It is done to enhance the visual contrast between different cellular components and to allow for distinction based on the different properties that each cellular component holds. It is widely used in pathology as a ...

The Seven Classification LevelsClassification is the foundation of a various leveled arrangement of classifications based on assumed regular connections among living things. The study of natural characterization is regularly called scientific classification. Classification in biology is the logical investigation of naming, characterizing and ordering living things into groups with common characteristics.  The main classification hierarchy...

Seed-Transplant/Sowing ExperimentThe biological Interactions And Abiotic Environment can limit the number of species that may live in a given area. The relative relevance of these two elements is usually ambiguous (Paw?owicz and Masajada, 2019, pp. 166-172). It is possible to isolate the impact of the environment on plant establishment by planting seeds or plants in areas where there is no competition. We conducted a seed-transplant/sowing exp...

The Role of Plasmids in Molecular CloningThe modern molecular biology have heavy reliance on quick and easy cloning or sub cloning DNA fragments in several plasmid vectors. The plasmids have some relevant features like autonomous origin of replication, conferring to the bacterium in which they reside some form of resistance, and multiple cloning sites. Transformation of cells has a wide uses in the molecular biology development and is a vital ...

Cervical Malignancy and HPVCervical malignancy is a malignant tumor that develops in the uterine wall, which joins the womb to the vaginal canal. The human papillomavirus -HPV, a chronic infection, functions in most cervical cancer cases. Cervical cancer develops on the cervix's membrane. It occurs when a cancer body in a woman's cervix starts to transform into abnormal cells (Srivastava et al.,2018). Although not all pre-malignant cells wil...

Pilot studies and their role in research designIn order to obtain higher quality outcomes, good research requires relevant experimental designs and accurate performances. Pilot studies, commonly known as feasibility studies encompass mini versions of a full-scale study or are known to accomplish pre-testing of concerned research instruments or schedules (Malmqvist et al. 2019). It assists in planning and relative modification of the main st...

Hybrid Varieties for Commercial Production of Rosa indicaMost countries rely on the traditional basis of medicines, which can be utilized through plant-based products. Rosa indica is one such plant species that exhibit great non-toxic and pharmacological benefits. The globally used plant Rosa indica is a highly recommended utilized plant for commercial purposes, which has adopted several variations to increase the commercial production and the u...

Help Notes: Give us a short title that we could use for publicity purposes. Try to make it unique to your project. Healthy Lifestyle: Increasing Physical Activity Amongst Children with Obesity Help Notes: Describe your project. By ‘project’ we mean the activities you plan to carry out using our grant. Be specific about what you will do, how you will do it and what you would spend the grant on. Funding will be crucia...

Meiosis and the Production of GametesThe process by which a parent cell divides twice, generating four daughter cells, each of which contains half as much genetic information as the parent cell, which signifies that the daughter cells are haploid, is termed meiosis. Meiosis is responsible for the production of gametes in every cycle of cell division. It culminates in the production of four daughter cells (Kallen 2020). The size and shape of th...

Peptide Vaccine Designs and CharacteristicsThe concept of peptide vaccine designs is based on the chemical process essential for the synthesis of the B and T cell epitopes which are immune dominant and can elicit specific immune responses. The T cells are peptide fragments while the B cell is lipids, proteins, carbohydrates or nucleic acids (Dermime et al., 2004, Sundaram, Beebe and Kaumaya, 2004). Peptides have desirable qualities due to ...

DiscussionThe manipulation of the transcription and post-transcription process has been under investigation for decades and the ability to manipulate various genes have been analysed recently, through various technological interventions. The utilisation of the CRISPR technology for the transcriptional regulation process has been investigated lately and includes the synthetic transcription of the various factors responsible for the manipulation o...

Sample PreparationSample Preparation  Sample A has been isolated from cheese and the collection method has been done in an "FDA Approved manner" (fda.gov 2022). This describes that the samples have been collected via aseptic technique by using sterile forceps or needles and have been stored in a "sterile", "leakage proof" and "sealed' container (Suo et al. 2018). After that, the sample has been effectively incubated for 24 to 48 hou...

Material and MethodsA short DNA sequence from a standardized region also called a DNA barcode has been upgraded as the best identifier of unknown species (Rach et al. 2017). The mitochondrial CO1 gene region also called cytochrome oxidase 1 has been crowned as the universal DNA barcoding for the metazoan organisms (Herbert et al. 2003). The CO1 gene has some features that make it of primary importance in evolutionary studies (Rach et al. 2017)...

Predator Recognition You are in charge of a reintroduction program for an endangered species of the squirrel monkey.  You are faced with the task of training captive-born individuals to recognize their main predator, hawks.  How would you set up your training protocol?  How would you determine if the training protocol is successful? There are several ways in which we can train captive-born individuals to recognize their pred...

MethodA detergent is a specific surfactant or a specific mixture of surfactants associated with cleansing properties, when they are present in the dilute solutions. Detergents have been found to be associated with a long fatty acid chain, which allows the surrounding bacteria to get lysed. The compounds have been found to be specifically effective in the removal of dirt particles also, and sometimes these dirt particles are associated with bac...

Answers to Questions The nature of the girl’s hypoglycaemia is fasting hypoglycaemia. Fasting glycemia occurs when a person is fasting for around 8 hours or longer. During this time the blood glucose level decreases to a level much lower than the normal range of 70 milligrams per decilitre. It is a condition of the body in which the body is unable to maintain sufficient level of blood glucose after certain a fasting (Yale, Paty & Se...

SalmonellaGram-negative pathogens of Family Enterobacteriaceae generally include certain types of bacteria such as Salmonella, Shigella and Pathogenic E. coli. These bacteria are most abundantly present in the human intestinal tract and gut flora, which are associated with infections of the urinary tract. The complications associated with certain species of bacteria include urinary tracts infections (UTIs), diarrhea, and other blood-related is...

RBC Count Calculation and Normal RangeQuestion: Calculation of RBC count and comments on the obtained results, if it’s on the range and factors which could have triggered?  The red blood cell count under the 400X magnification was 306 Cells/ milliter calculation = av. count (306) X factor of dilution (200) X 20ml = 1,224,000 cells per 20 ml Red blood cell per ml = 1,224,000 cells/20ml = 61200 cells per ml Convert to mcL= 61200...

Types of IslandsAn island is a generally little region of land that is totally encompassed by water. It is difficult to provide an aggregate number to the islands that are present on this planet earth. Due to rising ocean level or erosion, a few islands obscure over time. The eight biggest islands on Earth are- Great Britain, Honshu, Sumatra, Baffin Island, Madagascar, Borneo, New Guinea, and Greenland. Islands can be separated into two sort...

Rationale for giving Mary a tetanus booster. What is the organism that causes tetanus and why is it of concern in this situation? The organism that causes tetanus is Clostridium tetani. This bacterium can infect through a wound or cut that has been contaminated with soil or manure. In Mary's case, the wound was contaminated with dirt and at age 50years, the likelihood of the tetanus antibodies being reduced is high.   ...